Nobel Prizes In Medicine and Physiology

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Nobel Prizes In Medicine and Physiology

• Awards given to Immunologists since 1901

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Emil von Behring

• German bacteriologist, pioneer of Immunology
• Developed immunizations for diptheria and tetanus
  by injecting antitoxins
• Awarded first Nobel prize for Physiology or
  Medicine (1901)

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Elie Metchnikoff

• A Russian developmental biologist, he is referred
  to as the father of Immunology
• Developed the theory of host defense by
  phagocytic cells coined the term phagocytosis
• Shared 1908 Nobel prize with Paul Ehrlich
• Little-known fact he succeeded in transmitting
  syphilis to apes!

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Paul Ehrlich

• Research included tissue staining techniques,
  tuberculosis, oxygen usage, syphilis, hemolysins,
  toxin-antitoxin reactions, and tumor formation
• Best known for his side-chain theory
• Shared Nobel with Metchnikoff in 1908
• Smoked 25 cigars a day.

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Karl Landsteiner

• Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his
  discovery of the major blood groups, and
  development of the ABO blood typing system.
• Also identified the Rh (Rhesus) factors in blood.
• Wrote The Specificity of Serological Reactions
  (1936), a classic text that helped to establish
  the science of immunochemistry.
• His work made possible blood transfusions and
  paternity testing

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Macfarlane-Burnet and Medawar

• Shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for their work on
  tolerance, transplantation and skin graft
  rejection

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Porter and Edelman

• Shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for their work on
  antibody structure

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Baruj Benacerraf

• Won the 1980 Nobel Prize for research on Immune
  Response genes and MHC
• Born in Venezuela, of Spanish-Jewish decent, he
  was denied admission to nearly every medical
  school to which he applied
• Greatly disappointed his father by choosing
  medicine instead of taking over the family
  textile business

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Kohler and Milstein

• Shared the 1984 Nobel Prize for developing
  monoclonal antibody technology

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Susumu Tonegawa

• Won the 1987 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work
  on the genetic principles of the generation of
  antibody diversity
• Did his graduate work at U.C. San Diego
• Father worked in the textile industry in Japan

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Thomas and Murray

• Shared the 1991 Nobel Prize for their work in
  transplantation immunology

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Doherty and Zinkernagel

• Shared the 1996 Nobel Prize for their discoveries
  concerning the specificity of the cell mediated
  immune defense

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