ASTRONOMY

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ASTRONOMY
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• Which picture demonstrates rotation?
• B.
• C. D.

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• 2. Which planet is closest to the Sun?
• A. Jupiter B. Mars
• C. Venus D. Mercury

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• 3. A spacecraft sent into deep space to collect
  data using cameras and instruments is a
• A. probe. B. satellite.
• C. station. D. shuttle.

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• 4. A characteristic of gaseous planets is that
  they have
• A. no density.
• B. a density greater than Earth's.
• C. a density the same as Earth's.
• D. a density less than Earth's.

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• 5. John Glenn was the first American to
• A. ride into space.
• B. orbit Earth.
• C. land on the Moon.
• D. pilot a space shuttle.

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• 6. When a child is getting up to go to school in
  Georgia, a child on the opposite side of the
  Northern Hemisphere, in China, is getting ready
  to go to bed. What is the reason for this?
• A. Earth turns on its axis.
• B. Earth moves around the Sun.
• C. The Sun turns on its axis.
• D. The Moon blocks the light of the Sun
• on the other side of Earth.

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• 7. A hurricane-type cloud known as the Great Red
  Spot can be found on which planet?
• A. Saturn B. Mars
• C. Uranus D. Jupiter

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• 8. Which statement best explains why there is no
  atmosphere on the Moon?
• The temperature of the Moon varies too much to
  develop an atmosphere.
• B. The Moon does not have enough gravity to hold
  an atmosphere.
• C. The Moon revolves too quickly to keep an
  atmosphere.
• D. The density of the Moon is too great to
  allow an atmosphere.

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• 9. The length of a year on Earth is
• determined by Earth's
• A. gravitational pull.
• B. revolution.
• C. rotation.
• D. axis tilt.

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• 10. Which planet do scientists think once had
  surface water or flowing rivers?
• A. Mercury B. Venus
• C. Mars D. Jupiter

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• 11. Venus has the highest surface temperature of
  all the planets in our solar system. Which is the
  best explanation for this?
• A. Venus rotates on its axis very slowly.
• B. Venus is very close to the Sun.
• C. Venus revolves around the Sun
• relatively quickly.
• D. Venus's atmosphere has thick
• clouds and carbon dioxide.

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• 12. The Moon appears to change shape because
• A. the Moon rotates.
• B. Earth rotates.
• C. Earth revolves around the Sun.
• D. the Moon revolves around Earth.

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• Mary constructed an accurate scale model of the
  solar system. In her model, Earth was 35 m from
  the Sun, Jupiter was 170 m from the Sun, and
  Neptune was 1000 m from the Sun. In this model,
  Mars would be about how far from the Sun?
• A. 25 m B. 50 m
• C. 150 m D. 200 m

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• 14. Which explains why day and night occur on
  different parts of Earth?
• A. Earth rotates on its axis.
• B. Earth revolves around the Sun.
• C. The Sun rotates on its axis.
• D. The Sun revolves around the galaxy.

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• 15. There are about 24 hours in a day. What would
  happen to the length of a day if the rotation of
  Earth sped up?
• A. The length of a day would be shorter.
• B. The length of a day would be longer.
• C. The length of a day would remain the
• same.
• D. The length of a day would be
• unpredictable.

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• ASTRONOMY
• PART 2

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• Scientists have concluded that the universe is
  expanding, by observing a red shift in the light
  coming from other galaxies. Which instruments
  allow scientists to observe the red shift?
• A. space probes B. Geiger counters
• C. telescopes D. spectroscopes

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• 2. Which statement is true about Venus?
• A. It has polar ice caps and a rust-colored
• surface.
• B. It has clouds that create a greenhouse
• effect.
• C. It is the third planet from the Sun.
• D. It rotates on its side and has rings of
• methane ice.

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• 3. It is about 28 days from one full moon to the
  next. This is because 28 days is about the time
  it takes for one
• A. revolution of the Moon around Earth.
• B. revolution of Earth around the Sun.
• C. rotation of the Sun.
• D. rotation of Earth.

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• 4. When the Moon goes through Earth's shadow, we
  see a
• A. solar eclipse
• B. lunar eclipse.
• C. total eclipse.
• D. planetary eclipse.

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• 5. Jack constructed an accurate scale model of
  the solar system. In his model, the Sun was a
  basketball, Jupiter was a large marble, Neptune
  was a small marble, and Venus was a grain of
  sand. In this model, which would most accurately
  represent the size of Earth?
• A. a large marble
• B. a tennis ball
• C. a grain of sand
• D. a golf ball

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• 6. Which is made primarily of pieces of rock or
  iron that enter Earth's atmosphere?
• A. asteroids
• B. comets
• C. solar flares
• D. meteorites

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• 7. Kate is building a model of the solar system.
  She chooses a basketball to represent Earth. She
  wants her model to represent the relative sizes
  of all the planets and the Moon accurately.
  Which of the following should Kate use to
  represent the Moon?
• A. a marble
• B. a Ping-Pong ball
• C. a softball
• D. a soccer ball

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• 8. A comet is largely made up of
• A. iron and nickel.
• B. rock.
• C. petroleum.
• D. water and ice.

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• 9. Which is the largest planet?
• A. Mars
• B. Uranus
• C. Jupiter
• D. Saturn

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• 10. Asteroids have formed from
• A. the coalescence of hydrogen gas.
• B. leftover rocks and fragments.
• C. an interstellar dust cloud.
• D. the big bang.

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• 11. When the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun,
  the Southern Hemisphere experiences
• A. winter.
• B. spring.
• C. summer.
• D. fall.

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• 12. How does the number of hours of daylight
  compare to the number of hours of darkness on
  March 20, the first day of spring in the Northern
  Hemisphere?
• A. The hours of daylight and darkness are the
  same.
• B. There are more hours of darkness than
  daylight.
• C. There are more hours of daylight than
  darkness.
• D. The number of hours of daylight and darkness
  cannot be predicted in advance

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• 13. Astronomers usually measure the distance from
  Earth to the Moon in
• A. meters.
• B. kilometers.
• C. light-years.
• D. fathoms.

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• 14. The only reusable spacecraft designed to
  transport astronauts to and from space is a
• A. space probe.
• B. satellite.
• C. rocket.
• D. space shuttle.

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• 15. Which diagram shows the Earth-Moon-Sun system
  arranged to cause a total solar eclipse?
• A. B.
  
  
• C. D.

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• ASTRONOMY
• 
  
• PART 3

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• 1. Which planet is characterized by polar ice
  caps, a pink sky, a rust-colored surface, large
  volcanoes, and surface channels?
• A. Uranus
• B. Pluto
• C. Mars
• D. Saturn

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• 2. Each year, Earth moves once around
• A. Mars.
• B. Venus.
• C. the Sun.
• D. the Moon.

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• 3. Which accounts for the fact that a compass can
  be used to find north on Earth?
• A. Earth has a magnetic field.
• B. Earth has only one moon.
• C. Most of Earth is covered by water.
• D. Earth's temperature is not constant.

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• 4. Suppose you view the constellation Orion in
  the northern sky on January 1 at 700 P.M. On
  February 1, at the same time of night, Orion
  looks like it has shifted its position slightly.
  Which statement best explains your observation?
• A. The universe is expanding.
• B. Orion has moved within the Milky Way.
• C. Earth has moved in its orbit around the Sun.
• D. Orion has moved behind a dust cloud.

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• 5. Which planet is characterized by thick cloud
  cover, greenhouse effect, vast plains, and high
  mountains?
• A. Uranus
• B. Saturn
• C. Mercury
• D. Venus

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• 6. Why does the amount of daylight change during
  the course of a year?
• The amount of light and heat radiated by the
• Sun changes at different times of the year.
• B. The distance between the Sun and Earth changes
  from summer to winter.
• C. The North Pole points more toward the Sun at
  one time of the year than another.
• D. Earth rotates at different speeds at different
  times of the year.

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• 7. NASA scientists recently discovered evidence
  of liquid water on
• A. Venus.
• B. Mars.
• C. Jupiter.
• D. the Moon.

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• 8. Marty learned that a planet's orbital velocity
  is related to its distance from the Sun. He noted
  that orbital velocities range from 4.7 km/sec
  (Pluto) to 47.8 km/sec (Mercury). Which planet is
  likely to have an orbital velocity of 5.4
  km/sec?
• Venus B. Earth
• C. Mars D. Neptune

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• 9. Which statement about asteroids is true?
• A. Asteroids have tails like comets.
• B. Asteroids are made mostly of ice.
• C. Most asteroids have orbits very similar to
  comets.
• D. Most asteroids exist between the orbits of
  Mars and Jupiter.

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• 10. The dark, lava-covered lowlands of the Moon
  are called
• A. mountains.
• B. volcanoes.
• C. valleys.
• D. maria.

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• 11. Daylight in the Northern Hemisphere lasts
  longer in summer than in winter, and the change
  in the length of day happens in a predictable
  pattern. Which statement correctly explains this
  condition of Earth's environment?
• A. The Sun moves closer to Earth in summer and
  farther away in winter.
• B. Earth, with its tilted axis, moves around the
  Sun in a predictable way.
• C. There is a predictable change in the amount of
  heat and light given off by the Sun.
• D. Earth turns slower in summer than it does in
  winter.

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• 12. An object in the solar system has many wide,
  flat craters. What must be true about the
  object?
• A. It is an asteroid.
• B. It was originally formed with craters.
• C. It has been hit by other objects from
• space.
• D. It is a planet.

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•      
• When Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are in
• line as shown above, which could occur?
• A. An eclipse of the Sun could occur.
• B. An eclipse of the Moon could occur.
• C. The Moon could be pulled closer to the Sun.
• D. The speed of Earth's rotation could be
  increased.

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•      
• 14. When the Sun, the Moon, and Earth are in
  the same line as shown, which of the following
  could occur?
• A. an eclipse of the Sun
• B. an eclipse of the Moon
• C. The Moon could be pulled closer to Earth.
• D. The spin of Earth could be increased.