The Renaissance Era

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By The Enchanters Rudy, Vanessa, and Miriam
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Italian Renaissance Attributions

• Decline of Feudalism
• Growth of Cities
• Increased power of the prince
• Challenges to church dominance over learning and
  life.
• Revival of humanist ideas

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Italian RenaissanceDrama

• Studies of Roman Plays
• Leads to immitation of Roman Styles
• First Renaissance Tragedy and Comedy plays
• Achilles by Antonio Laschi1390
• Paulus by Pier Vegero1390

• Printing Press 1465
• Allows mass production of manuscripts
• Vernacular Translation begins to be produced
• 1550 plays translated all over England and France

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Types of Drama

• IntermezziShort Allegorical plays
• Instruments of power, politics, and diplomacy
• Performed in pantomime
• Used to pay elaborate compliments to those being
  honored

• Opera
• Develop by The Comerata of Florence
• Sought to recreate Greek Dramas
• First OperaDafine (1594)
• Primary entertainment of the courts and academies
• 1675 composer gained ascendancy over the
  playwright

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Characteristics of Tragedy Comedy

• Characters from ruling classes
• Historical situations
• Everybody talks in poetry
• Everybody ends unhappy
• Main purpose is to teach and please.

• Portrays domestic situations
• Characters portray the middle class
• Spoken in Vernacular language.
• Should always end happy.

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New Scenic Practices The Advent of Perspective
in Theatre

• Sebastian Serlio (1475-1554)- Architettura
• Most influential theatrical work of the
  Renaissance
• Three basic perspective scences
• Tragic
• Comic
• Satiric

Stage- built in accord to eye level of the ruler
(because of perspective scenery, everything was
designed to please the nobleman - settings
conceived in architectural terms were not meant
to be changed
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Nicola Sabbattinis (1574-1654)

• Manual for construction theartrical scenes and
  machines 1638
• 3 methods of changing scenery
• Periaktoi- triangular turning mechanism
• Painted flats that can cover the old set
• Painted canvas coverings were pulled quickly over
  the old set.

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Giacomo Torelli (1608-1678)

• The chariot and pole system
• Slots were cut through the stage floor so that
  poles could pass through
• Flats mounted on poles, were above floor level
  and attached beneath the stage to chariots
• Chariots- carried flats into view and took the
  old ones out of sight
• All this was done by means of a system of ropes
  and pulleys

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The Three UnitiesCastalvetrro (1570)

• Since audience has been in a theatre for a couple
  of hour, they cant been convinced that long
  periods of time elapsed
• Unity of time play must not be less than 2 hours
• Unity of place everything needs to happen in the
  same location
• Unity of action one central story with a small
  numbers of characters

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Theatre Architecture

• Teatro Olimpico- oldest surviving Renaissance
  theatre
• Built inside a pre-existing building
• Seating curves around a small orchestra
• Five opening pierce the façade (traditionally
  Roman)
• Street scenes built in perspective behind each of
  the stage openings to create the impressions of a
  city square.

• Teatro Farnese (1616)- oldest surviving theatre
  with permanent arch
• - Proscenium arch needed for framing of
  perspective drawing

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Public Theatre

• First public theatre in Venice (1565)
• Reasons
• Venice not ruled by a monarch
• Strong middle class
• Excellent trade routes
• For the business of theatre

Venice also opened an Opera
house in 1637
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Machinery and Special Effects

• Mostly used in Opera and Intermezzi
• Flying
• Pully system
• Trap doors
• Fire and smoke
• Sea scenes illusion of rolling oceans
• Callapsing structures
• Thunder used a cannonball for sound
• Wind- leather straps attached to poles
• Front curtain

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Stage Lighting

• Candles and Oil lamps
• Huge chandeliers on top
• Oil lamps were used on stage
• Foot lights rows of oil lamps lined up in front
  of stage
• Stage lights oil lamps scattered throughout the
  set
• Concealed lights oil lamps placed on the set
  itself to light certain actors

Color- a bottle of color liquid in front of lamp
and color candles
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Renaissance Art

• Birthed in Itlay
• Focused on classical antiquity
• Realistic representation of space based on
• Scientific perspective
• Detail
• Subject matter
• Landscapes and portraits

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Artists of the Renaissance Era

• Leonardo Da Vinnci (1452-1519)
• Works were mainly observed in Florence, Italy
• Some of his famous works were
• Mona Lisa
• The Last Supper

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Artist Cont.

• Raphael (1483-1520)
• Works were mainly observed in Perugino
• Was asked by Pope Julius The II to cover his
  first room with art
• Creator of Saint Peter Basilica and Sistine
  Madonna

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Artist Cont.

• Donatello (1386-1466)
• Known as the greatest Florentine sculptor
• Created heroic looking statues from Greek and
  Roman mythology
• Created many pieces of art that involved the
  human body
• Famous known for the bronze sculptor David

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Artist Cont.

• Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
• Sculptor, artist and architecture
• One of the greatest artist by age 37
• Famous for his ceiling painting of the Sistine
  Chapel in Rome, which forced him to work laying
  upside down on scaffolding
• Also carved The Pieta

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Other Artists

• They were devoted to scientific experimentation-
  the invention of mathematical line perspective
• Some started to devote their time in landscaping
  features
• Artists were also studying the effects of lights
  (shadow and shade)
• In the mid 15th century, artists started adding
  people in their paintings
• Some artists that used this new techniques
• Massaccio
• Paolo Uccello

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Renaissance Music

• Spent more time dealing with human condition
• Moving away from religion
• Dealt mostly on the victory of manking
• Was mostly heard in
• Cathedrals
• Halls of Nobility
• Peoples Homes

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Music Cont

• Emotions were expressed in music
• Crying
• Laughing
• Joy
• Suffering

Some instruments were

- Bagpipers
- Singing
Peddlers
- Pipes

- Drummers
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Burgundian School led by Gullaune Dufay

• Some famous composers
• Early Renaissance
• Johannes Ockeghey
• Jacob Obrecht
• Josquin Des Prez

• Late Renaissance
• Orlando Di Lasso
• Jacob Handl
• Giovani Pierluigi Da Palestrina
• Tomas Luis De Victoria

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Renaissance Literature

• Literature reflected the views of the medieval
  times
• Influenced by social and cultural events of time
• Works and texts debated religious tensions and
  political spectacles
• New poetry and movements in philosophy and
  science were popular
• Some authors in the Renaissance era were
• Christopher Marlowe ( Translation of Ovids)
• Edmund Spenser (The Faerie Queene)
• William Shakespere (Romeo Juliet)

Each of them expressed spiritual
conflict in their writing
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Women in the Renaissance Era

• Professions ( wife, nun, or prostitute)
• Nun
• Not available to the peasant girls
• An opportunity at autonomy
• A chance to follow a life of prayer and chastity
  for God
• Were well-educated
• Had time for art and sculpting, which explains
  why famous women painters of these times were nums

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Women cont

• Wife
• Tied to feudal manor
• Required to perform agricultural chores
• Required to pursue the roles of mothers and wives
• Become completely dependent on their husbands

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Women Cont

• Prostitutes
• Served the sexual needs of all men
• Lived in buildings managed by a madam
• Eventually, these unmarried women may have a
  better chance of becoming educated and picking up
  a trade such as midwifery and tailoring to
  barbers, innkeepers and even jewelers than did a
  noblewoman or a married peasant

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Social Classes

• Were either divided into two classes peasants
  and nobility
• Peasants had no rights
• Both peasants and nobility were married by age 15
• Education did not go beyond household chores and
  raising a family
• Women in nobility were given a more complex
  education
• Certain girls studied religion, writing and
  reading
• Female peasants had no opportunity to practice art

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Obstacles and Restrictionson Women

• Guilds became to regulate almost every trade and
  exclude women
• Trades women were often put out of business
• Apprenticeships were rare
• Cultural beliefs discouraged emotional
  independence
• No room allowed for independent female figures in
  the public eye
• Women who defied these rules were often labeled
  whores and ostracized

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Womens Role in Art

• Restrictions on what women could paint and how
  they learned to paint
• There art was severely scrutinized
• Various rules, stigmas, and constraints accounted
  for the under representation of female artists of
  these times

Dont be born a woman if you want your
own way.
- Nanninade Medici
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Major Determiners of Female Destiny

• Marriage and the dowry system served as social
  and economic contracts between families
• Dowry was the major component of the marriage
  exchange
• The dowry was attached to a women for her life
  and provided for the household during his
  lifetime and for her after death
• The husband had rights to all property and could
  bequeath them to his wife or repossess them
• Widowed women were either pressured to return to
  their family of birth or they could leave with
  their dowry, but without her children

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The End