The Victorian Age

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The Victorian Age

• 1830-1901

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Historical Overview

• Early Period 1830-48
• 1830Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens
• 1832First Reform Bill
• 1837Victoria crowned Queen

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Historical Overview

• Early Period 1830-48
• 1837Economic crash led to unemployment, poverty,
  riots
• Laissez-faire economics
• Unregulated working conditions
• Hungry 40s

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Historical Overview

• Early Period 1830-48
• Chartist movement created atmosphere of reform
• 1845 Irish Potato Famine
• 1846Repeal of Corn Laws

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Historical Overview

• Mid-Victorian Period 1848-70
• Factory Acts improved working conditions
• 1851Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace
• 1857England took over government of India

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Historical Overview

• Mid-Victorian Period 1848-70
• Discoveries in geology and astronomy
• 1859Charles Darwins The Origin of Species
• Religious crisis

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Historical Overview

• Late Victorian Period 1870-1901
• JubileeYears 1887, 1897
• Imperialism undermined by rebellions
• Rise of labor to power

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Historical Overview

• Late Victorian Period 1870-1901
• 1890sfin de siecle anxieties
• Aesthetic Movement
• 1901Victoria dies

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Social Changes

• Industrial Revolution
• Transformed from rural/ agricultural to
  urban/industrial society

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Social Changes

• Rise of Middle Class
• Feudal order of society disappearing
• Development of Impoverished Working Class

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Social Changes

• Rapid Technological Advancement
• Railroad
• Telegraph
• Machine labor
• Photography

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Social Changes

• Imperialism
• Spread of British Empire across the globe
• Englands moral duty to civilize the world

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Social Changes

• Utilitarianism
• Philosophical movement started by Jeremy Bentham
• Worth of every institution, belief, or action
  determined by practical utility

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Social Changes

• Utilitarianism
• Felicific calculus
• Greatest good for greatest number
• Failed to recognize spiritual values

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Social Changes

• Materialism
• Increasing concern with money and possessions
• Darwinism
• Biological evolution
• Survival of the fittest
• Social Darwinism

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Social Changes

• Development of Strict Moral Code
• Respectability and sexual repression
• Evangelicalism
• Middle-class religious movement
• Literal interpretation of Bible
• Strict moral scrutiny of daily life

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Social Changes

• The Woman Question
• Legislative changes
• Educational and employment opportunities
• Womens suffrage
• Angel in the House/Fallen Woman

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Social Changes

• Decadent (Aesthetic) Movement
• Artistic movement of 1890s
• Reaction against oppressive Victorian morality
• Art for arts sake

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Victorian Ideals

• Progress/Optimism
• Pessimism/Sense of Loss
• Respectability/The Gentleman
• Prudery

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Victorian Ideals

• Earnestness/DutyWork!
• Didacticism
• DomesticityAngel in the House

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