Sketching

1
Sketching Dimensioning
2
Pictorial Drawings

• Shows an object like you would see in a
  photograph
• Give a three dimensional view of a room or
  structure
• Three common types
• Isometric
• Oblique
• Perspective

3
Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen
4
Isometric Drawings

• The most common pictorials
• Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees above
  the horizontal
• The axes are 120 degrees between each axis
• Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30 degrees
• Vertical lines remain vertical

5
Isometric of a Cube
6
Isometric Dimensioning

• Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric
  axes
• Extension lines are extended in line with these
  axes

7
Isometric Dimensioning
8
Oblique Drawings

• The front view is draw like it would be using
  orthographic projection
• The front view shows all features with true shape
  and size
• The top and side view are then projected back
  from the front view
• Views can be at any angle
• 15, 30 or 45 degrees are common

9
Oblique Drawings Cont.

• Useful when the front contains more details and
  features than the side view
• A mental image can be created more quickly than
  with orthographic alone
• Two types of oblique drawings
• cavalier
• cabinet

10
Oblique Drawing
11
Cavalier Oblique

• The entire drawing uses the same scale
• Sometimes creates a distorted appearance

12
Cavalier Oblique Drawing
13
Cabinet Oblique

• Measurements on the receding axes are reduced by
  half
• More visually realistic representation
• Often used for drawing cabinets

14
Cabinet Oblique Drawing
15
Perspective Drawings

• The most realistic of all pictorial drawings
• Receding lines in the drawing meet at a
  vanishing point instead of being parallel
• Eliminates distortion at the back part of
  pictorial drawings
• Two types
• parallel (one-point) perspective
• angular (two point) perspective

16
Perspective Drawing
17
Parallel Perspective (One Point)

• One face of the object is shown as the front view
• Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel
• Lines that are perpendicular to the front view
  converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT

18
Angular Perspective (Two-Point)

• Similar to isometric drawings
• One edge of the object is place in front
• The two faces that meet at this edge recede to
  DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS
• All lines parallel to each face go to the
  different vanishing points

19
Angular Perspective Drawing
20
Horizon Below Object
21
Exploded Pictorial Drawings

• Used to show relative position of parts or
  construction details
• Used to clarify assembly sequence
• Common in appliance and cabinetry service manuals

22
Exploded Pictorial Drawing
23
Dimensioning Standards

• Standards are different in different career
  areas.
• Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas
  follow similar practices, but sometimes with less
  need for precision in measurements.
• Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual
  document.

24
Dimension Lines

• Various means to terminating ends
• arrow head
• dot
• tick
• Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension
  line
• If dimension is needed for construction, it
  should be on drawing
• Do not included unnecessary dimensions

25
Types of Dimension Lines
26
Dimensioning Floor Plans

• Frame Construction
• dimensions usually start at the exterior surface
  of the stud wall
• interior walls usually dimensioned to the center
  of partitions

27
Window and Door Openings

• Frame Construction
• Located by their center lines

28
Window and Door Openings

• Masonry Construction
• Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the
  masonry surface openings