HOW TO SAVE YOUR DRAFT

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HOW TO SAVE YOUR DRAFT
Research Paper The Final Touches
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Formatting
Dont you Format Incorrectly
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Formatting the Works Cited

• You must provide complete citation
  information in correct MLA form for all sources
  from which you borrow material.
• Start your Works Cited list on a new page, and
  number it as though it were a page in your paper.
  
• Arrange entries alphabetically by the authors'
  last names. If no author is provided for any
  source, use the title to alphabetize.
• After the first line of an entry, indent five
  spaces (one tab space) so that the first word of
  the entry stands out. This is called a hanging
  indentation.

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• Note double spacing between all lines, but no
  extra space between sources.

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Smith 12
Works Cited
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1
Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York The
Random House Publishing Group,
1981. Shakespeare, William. Romeo Juliet. Eds.
Kylene Beers and Lee Odell. Austin
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2005,
798-910. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn. 1884. 10th ed. New
York Penguin Books, 1994.
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Formatting your paper

• Your last name should go on the far right corner
  of every sheet that follows with the page number.
  This is called a header.
• Each page should have a one-inch margin (not 1
  1/2 or 2 inches).
• Page 1 and all subsequent pages will have the
  author's last name and the page number as a
  header 1/2 inch from the top of the paper. The
  actual text will begin at the 1 inch margin.
• Use 10 or 12 point type and a standard font such
  as Times New Roman.
• Type on only one side of the page and double
  space all text.

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What your first page should look likeno title
page needed.
Your last name 1 Your full
name Course/Teacher/Period Assignment
Title Date Centered Title Then begin
writing your paper with a wonderful attention
getter and great introduction to your wonderful
7-10 page paper. Everything is written in Times
New Roman size 12, and everything is double
Spaced with a 1 margin all around.
header
1
Double space between each line evenlyno double
double spaces.
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In-text Citations
In-text citation will correspond with an entry in
the Works Cited page.
(Talking bout ) My Citation
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A single author of one text

• Human beings have been described as "symbol-using
  animals" (Burke 3).

Notice how the in-text citation above
corresponds with the details included in
the Works Cited page Burke, Kenneth. Language
as Symbolic Action Essays on Life, Literature,
and Method. Berkeley University of California
P, 1966.
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Multiple authors of one text

• In the event the quote comes from a book with two
  authors, list both in parenthesis like this
  (Author1 and Author2 10).
• With three authors it will be (Author1, Author2,
  and Author3 10).
• Beyond three authors, one may name them all, or
  name the first followed by et al, the
  abbreviation for "and others"  (Author1 et al. 
  10). 

?Notice when the word and is used, as well as
commas and et al.
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No author of one text

• Like Illinois, Indiana makes much of its state
  income through farming and exporting of corn
  (Farming 36).
• Farming. Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York
  Somerset,
• 1993. 35-37.

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Two texts by the same author
Twain states that neither she nor her friends
will doubt that she is doing the best she can for
man and God (The New 384), but he also
contends that we deal in a curious and
laughable confusion of notions concerning God
(Reflections 333).
Twain, Mark. Reflections on Religion. The
Hudson Review. 16.3 (1963) 329-352. - - -.
The New Dynasty. The New England Quarterly.
30.3 (1957) 383-388.
Note that the second time the name is listed,
its three dashes (followed by a period) instead
of the name repeated.
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Two texts by the same author

• Additionally, if the author's name is not
  mentioned in the sentence, you would format your
  citation with the author's name followed by a
  comma, followed by a shortened title of the work,
  followed, when appropriate, by page numbers
• People deal in a curious and laughable
  confusion of notions concerning God (Twain,
  Reflections 333).

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Two authors -- of different texts --with the same
last name
Although some medical ethicists claim that
cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller
12), others note that the advantages for medical
research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller
46).
R.Anderson
G. Anderson
Miller, Allen. Clone This. Denver MacMurray,
1999. Miller, Roger. Chaos Making a New
Science. New York Penguin Books, 1987.
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A tricky one
Text found in an anthology or edited collection
For an essay, short story, or other document
included in an anthology or edited collection,
use the name of the author of the text, not the
editor of the anthology or collection, but use
the page numbers from the anthology or
collection.
Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me Engaging Reluctant
Writers." A Tutor's Guide Helping Writers One
to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH
Heinemann, 2000. 24-34.
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Text found in an anthology or edited
collection

• Murriel Harris analyzes the way in which teachers
  can assist students as they move from high school
  to college (24).

Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me Engaging Reluctant
Writers." A Tutor's Guide Helping Writers One
to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH
Heinemann, 2000. 24-34.
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Text that cites another author (Citing Indirect
Sources)

• Sometimes you may have to use an indirect
  source. An indirect source is a source cited in
  another source. For such indirect quotations, use
  "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually
  consulted.
• For exampleRavitch argues that high schools are
  pressured to act as "social service centers, and
  they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).

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Text found in a Shakespearean play

• Like many men , Hamlet infamously wonders, To be
  or not to be (Shakespeare 2.1.5-12)

Act
scene
line
Note that each is separated by a period, no
space.
Use Arabic numbers unless a teacher asks
specifically for Roman numerals.
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Formatting your quotes
Good Citations
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Introducing your sources
The first time you cite a source, tell us
who it is and why he/she is credible Mark
Twain, satirist and author of Huckleberry Finn,
shares that blah, blah, blah (41). In A Hard
Book to Take, literary critic James M. Cox
discusses the role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn,
arguing that blah, blah, blah (333).
Notice that you do not need to repeat the
authors last name if its mentioned in the
sentence.
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End-punctuation and your quotes

• Please notice that there is no end-punctuation
  inside the parenthesis, and the closing
  punctuation from the sentence is placed after the
  parenthesis.
• In Huckleberry Finn, Huck contemplates prayer,
  explaining that Miss Watson she took me in the
  closet and prayed, but nothing come of it. She
  told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked
  for I would get it. But it warn't so. I tried it.
  Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks. It warn't
  any good to me without hooks. I tried for the
  hooks three or four times, but somehow I couldn't
  make it work (Twain 14).

No end punctuation
Period
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End-punctuation The exception to the rule

• When a quote ends in a question mark or
  exclamation point, you DO use that end
  punctuation and a period after the parenthesis
• I said I reckoned I would slip over the river
  and find out what was going on. Jim liked that
  notion but he said I must go in the dark and
  look sharp. Then he studied it over and said,
  couldn't I put on some of them old things and
  dress up like a girl? (Twain 73).

Note that question mark is in quotation marks
Period
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Quote-within-a-quote
In the event there is a quote inside your quote,
use a single quotation mark for the interior
quote, but keep the double exterior quotation
marks to show entire excerpt .
 Tom Sawyer asks Ben Rogers, Don't you reckon
that the people that made the books knows what's
the correct thing to do? Do you reckon you can
learn 'em anything? Not by a good deal. No, sir,
we'll just go on and ransom them in the regular
way (Twain 12).
Note the single quote within the double quotes
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Quote-within-a-quote

• A teacher read this to her students, If you
  subscribe to the summer Weekly Reader, you will
  receive ten issues. One of her students waited
  all summer for a pair of tennis shoes(Lederer
  147).  

Note that the single quote is used when the
dialogue inside your borrowed passage starts and
ends.
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Long Quotes
In the event of a long quotemore than 4
linesthe writer must set it off by indenting 1
inch, or two tabs. This will not need quotation
marks, but it should remain double spaced.
Indent 1 inch

• Laughter is also an elixir for the mind. Tests
  administered by
• Swedish psychologist Lars Ljungdahl before and
  after humor
• therapy reveal a reduction of stress and
  depression and a
• heightened sense of mental well being and
  creativity.
• (Lederer 10)

Note that with long quotes, the period falls
BEFORE the parenthesis.
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Quoting a Poem (or Shakespearean piece)

• Excerpt of Incident by Countee Cullen
• I saw the whole of Baltimore From May until
  December Of all the things that happened there
  That's all that I remember.
• Quoting Poem
• Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that
  happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).

Put a backslash to identify the end of the line
of poetry
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Taking Words OutPeriods of Ellipses
In the event one doesn't wish to use a whole
quote, one may use an ellipsis (...) to indicate
that text is missing. Example In an essay on
urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that
"some individuals make a point of learning every
recent rumor or tale... and in a short time a
lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
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Adding Words to Quotations Use Brackets

• If you add a word or words in a quotation, you
  should put brackets around the words to indicate
  that they are not part of the original text.
• Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban
  legends, states "some individuals who retell
  urban legends make a point of learning every
  rumor or tale" (78).

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Variations on Punctuation
When your sentence doesnt end with the
citation According to some, dreams express
"profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184),
though others disagree. If the question mark is
your own, and not the texts Is it possible
that dreams may express "profound aspects of
personality" (Foulkes 184)?
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Integrating your quotes
You can Quote if you Want to
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Variety
Here are three ways to include a parenthetical
citation Wordsworth states that Romantic poetry
is marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is
characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth
extensively explores the role of emotion in the
creative process (263).
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Historical Present Tense

• When writing a literary analysis paper, use the
  present tense to describe events that occur in
  your book. The logic is that every time someone
  reads a piece of literature, it is a new
  experience for the reader.
• Consider this
• Past tense Macbeth saw a dagger, which was
  either a hallucination
• Present tense Macbeth sees a dagger floating in
  the air, which is either a hallucination.

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Additional Info
Before you cheat
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Why cite your sources?(So you dont plagiarize!)

• Plagiarism includes the following
• not citing sources of information or ideas I used
  that belong to someone else
• summarizing ideas or information that belong to
  someone else and failing to cite the original
  source
• not putting quotation marks around words that are
  not mine even though I cite the source
• quoting material but failing to cite the source
• getting a paper or part of a paper off the
  internet and claiming it is my own
• getting a paper or part of a paper from another
  student and claiming it is my own

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So whats the order?
1st page of Paper (page 1) Works cited page
(page?) Your teacher may have additional
requirements, like a title page.
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Paragraph Tips

• Each paragraphs topic sentence should connect
  to and help proveyour thesis.
• Every paragraph should transition smoothly from
  one to the next.
• Some teachers may stress opening or concluding a
  body paragraph with your own words. Placing a
  quote at the beginning or end of a paragraph
  (that is not your intro or conclusion) may not
  communicate your paragraphs main idea or
  sub-argument.

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Now you know everything you need to write a great
paper.
Dont Stop Proofreading!
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Works Cited

• Romano, Tony and Gary Anderson. Expository
  Composition Discovering Your Voice. St. Paul,
  MN EMC, 2008.
• The Purdue OWL. 26 Aug. 2008. The Writing Lab and
  OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April
  2008 .

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Art gathered from

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• http//www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/cite/MLA.htm