Putting the Self Back Into SelfConscious Emotions

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About Myself

• Name Sun-Mee Kang

• Education
• Ph.D. University of California, Davis
• (Personality Psychology)

• Research Interest
• Emotion, Social Adaptation,
• Culture, and Measurement issues

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Class Meeting Times and Rooms
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Course Website

• The course website can be found at
  http//www.csun.edu/skang/psy321.html This
  site will contain class announcements, hand-outs,
  research info, and exam grades.

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Contact info and Office Hours

• Sun-Mee Kang
• Office ST 310
• Phone [phone]
• Email skang_at_csun.edu
• Office Hour W 11 -12 or by appointment

• Gabriel Nunez (TA)
• Email gabriel.nunez.535_at_csun.edu
• Office hour by appointment

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Textbook

• Required
• Goodwin, C. J. (2005 or 2007). Research in
  psychology Methods and design, 4th or 5th
  edition. New York John Wiley Sons, Inc.
• Optional
• APA publication manual, 5th edition. Washington,
  D.C APA

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Course Description

• This course will introduce the methods of
  psychological research. The purpose of the
  course is to give you the tools to recognize
  research problems and design studies to examine
  these problems. You will also gain a hands-on
  experience of conducting your own research.

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Lecture Grade

• 1. Exam (60)
• 3 non-cumulative in-class exams cumulative
  in-class final.
• The three midterms will be weighted equally, each
  covering approximately one-third of the course.
  Tests are multiple choices, covering lecture, the
  reading assignments, and a film shown in class.
  

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Lecture Grade

• 1. Exam (60)
• If you take all three and are satisfied with your
  scores, you need not take the cumulative final
  (during the final exam week).
• If you take all three and are not satisfied with
  your scores, you are allowed to drop the lowest
  score among the three midterms and take the final
  to replace it.

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Lecture Grade

• 1. Exam (60)
• If you miss one midterm without any valid
  reasons, you will get a zero point for the exam
  and you are not allowed to drop the zero score.
  The average of the three midterm scores including
  the zero point will account for 40 of your final
  grade and the final test will contribute 20 to
  the final grade (see how to compute the final
  grade below).
• If you miss an exam for medical reasons, you must
  supply appropriate written documentation to
  support your absence. In this case, you will be
  allowed to drop the zero score and you can
  replace the zero score by taking the final exam.
  There will be no make-up exams.

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Lecture Grade

• 2. Research Paper and Presentation (35)
• You make a team with another student (4 people
  per group) and design a study, collect data,
  analyze them, write a paper, and present the
  study in class.
• Papers are due on Thursday, May 17th. No more
  than 20 typed pages (double-spaced). Late papers
  will be docked one letter grade (i.e., 10 points)
  per day. More detailed instructions will be
  available later.

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Lecture Grade

• 2. Research Paper and Presentation (35)
• You are expected to work together with your team
  member for your team project. Each team member is
  required to share equally in the decision-making,
  responsibilities, and activities of the group.
  Your grade will definitely suffer if you do not
  do your share of the work.

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Lecture Grade

• 3. Attendance (5)
• Students are expected to attend class throughout
  the course of the semester. I will occasionally
  check attendance.

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Lecture Grade

• Final lecture grade
• The final grade in the course will be computed
  as follows
• Attendance 5 ( 5 points)
• Three exams 20 each 60 (60 points)
• Research paper 25 (25 points)
• Presentation 10 (10 points)
• Total 100 (100 points)

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Lab Grade

• 1. Attendance (10)
• You should not be late more than 10 minutes.

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Lab Grade

• 2. Assignments (45)
• Over the course of the semester, three written
  assignments will be assigned that will help you
  to prepare for your research paper drafts for
  the Introduction, Method, and Results/Discussion
  sections. Refer to the lecture/lab schedule for
  the deadline for each draft. I will give you
  comments on your draft and return back to you so
  that you can improve the final version of your
  research paper. Late drafts will be docked 5
  points per day. More detailed instructions for
  the assignments will be available later.

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Lab Grade

• 3. Research Participation (45)
• Students are expected to participate in three
  independent experimental sessions during the
  semester. More detailed instructions will be
  available later.

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Lab Grade

• Final lab grade
• The final grade in the course will be computed
  as follows
• Attendance 10 (10 points)
• Three writing assignments 15 each 45
  (45 points)
• Three Research participations 15 each 45 (45
  points)
• Total 100 (100
  points)

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Grading

• Grades will be assigned according to the
  following point breakdown
• 90 100 A- to A
• 80 89.9 B- to B
• 65 79.9 C- to C
• 50 64.9 D- to D
• 0 49.9 F

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Overview of the Lecture

• Part I (Week 1 4)
• Go through the entire process of how to conduct
  research
• Part II (Week 5 8)
• Non-experimental designs
• Part III (Week 9 14)
• Experimental designs
• Part IV (Week 15 16)
• Presentation and review

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Guideline for Research Schedule

• Week 1-2 finding a research topic
• Week 3 forming a research group
• Week 4-5 conducting a literature review
• Week 5-6 designing a study (Due 1
  Introduction)
• Week 7-10 collecting data (Due 2 Method)
• Week 10-14 analyzing data (Due 3
  Results/Discussion)
• Week 15-16 writing the final version of paper
  and presenting your study (paper due on 5/18/06)

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Experimental PsychologyLecture 1
Scientific Thinking
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Outline

• Why take this course?
• Goals of psychological research
• Example Achievement motivation
• Scientific thinking
• Science vs. Pseudoscience

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Why take this course?

• To learn how scientific research is conducted
• Content (specific topic areas) vs. Process (how
  to acquire knowledge in those areas)
• Evaluating research
• Designing and conducting own research

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Why take this course?

• To be a more informed and critical consumer of
  information
• e.g., Taking aspirin regularly reduces the risk
  of heart attack.

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Why take this course?

• Pragmatic reasons
• scientific writing
• computer programs (e.g., SPSS, PowerPoint)
• presentation skill
• Team work

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Goals of Psychological Research

• Describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
• e.g., Need for achievement

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Need for Achievement

• Describing behavior - Characteristics of people
  with high achievement motivation (McClellend,
  1985)

• set challenging but realistic goals
• feel intense joy from success
• prefer harsh but competent feedback
• take personal credit for success but blame others
  or situation for failure

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Describing behavior - Characteristics of people
with high achievement motivation

• cheat and/or bend the rules to reach a goal
• like to travel
• prefer somber colors and formal fashion
• scheduled feeding during infancy and relatively
  stringent toilet training
• can wait for delayed rewards

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Predicting Behavior - Achievement Motivation
among American Presidents

• Who has the highest achievement motive?
• (Winter, 1987)

• Presidents inaugural addresses between 1789
  1981 (From Washington to Reagan)

1. Jimmy Carter 2. Herbert Hoover
3. Richard Nixon 4. Woodrow Wilson
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Predicting behavior - Achievement Motivation
among Children

• Delay of gratification in preschool children
  (Mischel Ebbesen, 1970)

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Predicting behavior - Achievement Motivation
among Children

• Delayed Gratification - One of the best
  predictors for academic achievement 10 years later

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Explaining behavior Where achievement
motivation comes from?
From Westin (1999)

• it is primarily a learned motive linked to
  patterns of childrearing
• parenting style
• encourage independent thinking
• discourage complaining
• encourage children to try other solutions when
  they fail
• Cultural context

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Predicting behavior - Achievement motivation and
society

• Achieving society (McClelland, 1961)

• Collect childrens books published between
  1920-29 from 23 different countries
• Measure the achievement level of an entire
  society by analyzing the stories in the book

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Controlling behavior - Achievement motivation and
society

• India study (McClelland, 1985)
• taught local businessmen to fantasize about
  working hard, failing but not being
  discouraged,continuing to work and final
  success
• over time, they begun new businesses and employed
  new workers

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Goals of Psychological Research

• Describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
  Need for Achievement

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Scientific Thinking

• One of the most important qualities for being a
  good researcher!
• 3 features
• Determinism
• Data-driven
• Replication

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Attributes of Scientific Thinking

• 1. Determinism
• What causes this event?
• e.g., Psychopathology and Treatment

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Psychopathology and Treatment
Determinism
An ancient cure ancient skulls found in Peru may
have been designed to open the cranium to allow
evil spirits to escape
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Determinism
Psychopathology and Treatment
A priest is conducting an exorcism, trying to get
the evil spirit to leave the womans body

• Exorcism

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Determinism
Psychopathology and Treatment

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

• logic schizophrenia vs. epilepsy ?inducing a
  convulsion might cure schizophrenia
• still occasionally used for severely depressed
  patients

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Determinism
Psychopathology and Treatment

• Psychosurgery- prefrontal lobotomy
• 1935 Dr. Egas Moniz

• Logic from an animal experiment (Brain
  surgery on chimpanzees)

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Determinism
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Determinism
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Determinism
Psychopathology and Treatment

• Psychosurgery- prefrontal lobotomy
• 1935 Dr. Egas Moniz

• Logic from an animal experiment (Brain
  surgery on chimpanzees)

• in the early 1950s, over 3500 patients in the US
  alone
• 1949 Nobel prize

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Determinism
Psychopathology and Treatment

• Psychopharmacology

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Attributes of Scientific Thinking

• 2. Data-driven thinking
• Is this statement supported by empirical
  studies?
• e.g., Taking aspirin regularly reduces the risk
  of heart attack.

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Taking Aspirin and Heart Attack
Data-Driven Thinking

• Participants 22,071 male physicians
• (Steering committee of the Physicians Health
  Study Research Group, 1988)

Aspirin
follow them for five years
Placebo
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Taking Aspirin and Heart Attack
Data-Driven Thinking
Heart Attack
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Attributes of Scientific Thinking

• 3. Replication
• Can this result be replicated?

e.g., Schachter Singer Theory (2 factor
theory)
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Schachter Singer Theory
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Replication
Schachter Singer Theory

• Design of the study
• Vision Test Adrenaline shot

No emotional change
No emotional change
Feel happy
Feel angry
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Replication
Schachter Singer Theory

• Hard to replicate their results
• Fail to support their theory

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Science vs. Pseudoscience

• Phrenology the study of the shape of the skull
  to read personality and mental ability (19 -
  early 20c)

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Recognizing Pseudoscience

• A false association with true science
  localization of brain function
• exclusively relies on anecdotal evidence ignore
  disconfirming evidence
• sidesteps disproof change their theory to
  explain the disproving evidence explain
  everything!
• oversimplication of complex processes

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Science vs. Pseudoscience

• Cargo Cult Science
• by Richard Feynman
• (1918-1988)
• Adapted from the Caltech
• commencement address
• given in 1974