Pearl Harbor and US entry into the War

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Pearl Harbor and US entry into the War
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"Arsenal of Democracy"

• Roosevelt concluded a Destroyers-for-Bases treaty
  with the besieged British
• He appealed to the nation to provide more
  material support to Great Britain .
• Roosevelt argued that the best way to stay out of
  the war and preserve national security is to aid
  the Allied forces, establishing the United States
  as the "arsenal of democracy."

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Roosevelt Pledges Aide to England

• In the spring of 1940, the France, Belgium,
  Holland, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway fell to
  the Nazi blitzkrieg. Now, only England stood
  before Hitler victory. Meanwhile, in the United
  States, debates continued about whether to assist
  the English or not.

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Destroyers for Bases Deal

• The United States government, sympathetic to the
  British cause, was reluctant to join the war
  because
• American public opinion was overwhelmingly
  isolationist
• The Neutrality Act banned the shipment of arms
  from the U.S. to any combatant nation.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt was further constrained by
  upcoming elections where his opponents portrayed
  him as being pro-war.
• Roosevelt permits the dispatch of fifty old
  American destroyers to the British in exchange
  for bases Newfoundland and Bermuda.

• This map shows the location of bases.

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The Atlantic Charter

• In July 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill met to
  issue a joint declaration on the purposes of the
  war against fascism.
• The Atlantic Charter provided the criteria for
  WWII.
• The Soviet Union was originally going to sign,
  but was unhappy with the terms, as was Churchill
  who eventually agreed.
• Roosevelt truly believed in the possibility of a
  world governed by democratic processes, with an
  international organization serving as an arbiter
  of disputes and protector of the peace.

Churchill and Roosevelt signing the Atlantic
Charter.
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US-Japan Communications

• 26 November 1941 a letter was sent from the US to
  Japan stating the principles governing their
  policies toward the situation in the Far East.
• A second message was sent from the President to
  the Emperor of Japan on December 6.
• On 7 December 1941 the Japanese representatives
  arrived at the office of the Secretary of State.
• The Japanese response was not diplomatically
  accepted.
• Secretary Hull told the ambassador
• I must say that in all my conversations with you
  during the last nine months I have never uttered
  one word of untruth. This is borne out absolutely
  by the record. In all my 50 years of public
  service I have never seen a document that was
  more crowded with infamous falsehoods and
  distortions - infamous falsehoods and distortions
  on a scale so huge that I never imagined until
  today that any Government on this planet was
  capable of uttering them.

Secretary Hull
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A Date That Will Live In Infamy

• The 7 December 1941 Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor
  was one of the great defining moments in history.
  
• Eighteen months earlier, President Franklin D.
  Roosevelt had transferred the United States Fleet
  to Pearl Harbor as a presumed deterrent to
  Japanese aggression.
• The Japanese military, deeply engaged in the
  seemingly endless war it had started against
  China in mid-1937, badly needed oil and other raw
  materials.
• In July 1941 the Western powers effectively
  halted trade with Japan. From then on, as the
  desperate Japanese schemed to seize the oil and
  mineral-rich East Indies and Southeast Asia, a
  Pacific war was virtually inevitable.
• The U.S. Fleet's Pearl Harbor base was reachable
  by an aircraft carrier force, and the Japanese
  Navy secretly sent one across the Pacific with
  greater aerial striking power than had ever been
  seen on the World's oceans.
• Within a short time five of eight battleships at
  Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking, with the rest
  damaged. Several other ships and most
  Hawaii-based combat planes were also knocked out
  and over 2400 Americans were dead.

USS Arizona during attack at Pearl Harbor
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US Air War

• The war in the air was a major factor in the
  Allied victory. This map shows the bombing sites
  in Europe.

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Flying Fortress
The B-17 or "Flying Fortress" was perhaps the
most important bomber of the war.
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D-Day

• June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied Troops landed long a
  50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French
  coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of
  Normandy, France.
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation
  a crusade in which we will accept nothing less
  than full victory.
• More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft
  supported the D-Day invasion, and the Allies
  gained a foot- hold in Normandy.
• The D-Day cost was high -more than 9,000 Allied
  Soldiers were killed or wounded -- but more than
  100,000 Soldiers began the march across Europe to
  defeat Hitler.

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The Course of the War
The European Theater
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The Course of the War
The Pacific Theater
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Germans Surrender Amid Ruins
On May 7, 1945, the war in Europe came to end
with Germany's unconditional surrender in Rheims,
France
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V-J Day

• On August 15, 1945, Japanese Emperor Hirohito
  surrendered to the Allied forces, bringing an end
  to the War in the Pacific and World War II.
• The Japanese government sent U.S. President Harry
  S. Truman a cable, delivered through the Swiss
  diplomatic mission here, to advise the Allies of
  Japan's unconditional surrender.
• At noon Japan standard time, Hirohito's
  announcement of Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam
  Declaration was broadcast to the Japanese people.

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• Multimedia Citations
• Slide 2 http//www.michigan.gov/images/hal/hal_mh
  c_am_arsenal_web_174329_7.jpg
• Slide 3 http//bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1940sp
  hotos/firesidechat.jpeg
• Slide 4 http//history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/817
  17.jpg
• Slide 5 http//www.nyfolklore.org/images4/catsk-3
  .jpg
• Slide 6 http//waysandmeans.house.gov/Legacy/port
  raits/highoff/hull.jpg
• Slide 7 http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/
  1/1e/Pearlharborcolork13513.jpg
• Slide 8 http//www.awm.gov.au/striking/images/his
  tory/map.gifAdd Another File
• Slide 9 http//www.aviation-history.com/boeing/b1
  7_bomb.jpg
• Slide 10 http//www.archives.gov/education/lesson
  s/d-day-message/images/landing-in-france.gif
• Slide 11 http//www.wwnorton.com/worlds/images/ma
  p11_1.jpg
• Slide 12 http//www.wwnorton.com/worlds/images/ma
  p11_2.jpg
• Slide 13 http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/image
  s/ac00001/ac02337.jpg
• Slide 14 http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/image
  s/ac00001/ac02719.jpg