Health, Vaccinations, and Deworming

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Health, Vaccinations, and Deworming

• Shannon Irwin
• 2006-2007 GJCA Officer
• Chapter Relations Director

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Health
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• When raising cattle for show, meat, or to sell,
  your cattles health is important whether its
  mild or life threatening.
• To ensure good cattle health
• Provide proper nutrition
• Keep clean cattle facilities / spaces

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Signs of Healthy Cattle

• Usually alert to their surroundings.
• Eager to eat when feeding time.
• Enjoys attention.

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Signs of Unhealthy Cattle

• Less interest in their surroundings.
• Poor eating habits.
• Attitude and behavior are different.

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Two Ways to Check if Your Cattle are Healthy or
Unhealthy

• Respiration
• Temperature

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Checking The Respiration And Temperature In Cattle

• In healthy cattle the respiration is about 20
  breaths per minute. Between 10 and 30 is also
  normal. On a hot day the breathing may be
  heavier.
• In healthy cattle the temperature is 101.5F. If
  the animals temperature is 102.5F, its above
  normal and considered a fever. If it is 100.5F,
  its subnormal and also a serious condition.

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Vaccinations
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• Vaccinations should be given to young calves,
  calves at weaning, and adult cattle (including
  cows).
• Yearlings and cows should be vaccinated annually
  or semi-annually.

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Proper Use Of Vaccines

• Make sure it has been refrigerated.
• Check the expiration date (if kept too long they
  may lose potency).
• Follow the directions on the label (dosage).
• Do no combine Vaccines.

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Injecting

• For adult cattle
• Use a 16ga needle at least 2 inches long
• For calves
• Use an 18ga needle at least 1-1.5 inches long
• Subcutaneous Injection (SQ)
• Injection given under or between the skin
• Intravenous Injection (IM)
• Injection given into a large vein
• Consult a vet to either give the injection or
  demonstrate
• The neck and rump muscles are the primary
  injection sites

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Giving an IM or SQ injection
The IM INJECTION
THE SQ INJECTION

• Needle needs to go in with a forceful thrust so
  it goes to the muscle. Into either the neck or
  rump. (A sharper needle can go in with less
  effort and pain).

• Find a place where the skin is loosest. Either
  the loosest part of the neck or shoulder. Make
  sure the shot goes into the part youve pulled
  up, not the muscle.

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REACTIONS

• Reactions to vaccinations may include
• Temporary swelling at site of injection
• Not a serious problem.
• Anaphylactic Shock
• Difficultly breathing and then collapsing
• SEVERE! Treat Immediately!

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How To Treat Anaphylactic Shock

• Inject antihistamine
• Should be in a first aid kit
• Use epinephrine (adrenaline) and dexamethasone
• Usually reverses the reaction allowing the animal
  to recover quickly
• If an animal has a reaction to a vaccine, DO NOT
  ever give the same one again. It may kill the
  animal.

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First Aid Kit

• Needles and syringes of different sizes
• Animal thermometer
• Injectable antibiotics
• Topical pinkeye
• Epsom salt
• Nitrofurazone (solution or ointment)

• Nolvason disinfectant solution
• Iodine (7 Tincture)
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Mineral oil
• DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

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Several Vaccinations for Your Cattle

• IBR - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Red
  Nose)
• Caused by respiratory problems can lead to
  pneumonia
• BVD - Bovine Viral Diarrhea
• Common disease of the digestive/respiratory
  system severe diarrhea
• PI3 Parainfluenza
• Causes respiratory problems can be completed if
  IBR and BVD occur all at the same time
• Brucellosis (done by Vet)
• Causes abortions and has no cure
• Do no vaccinate bulls
• Try to maintain closed herd, raising all of your
  own replacement heifers
• Tetanus - caused by bacteria
• Big Head (feedlot cattle) - No symptoms
• Dead animals have had swelling in throat
• Vibrio
• Causes abortions is spread from bull to heifer

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Deworming
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Where Worms Infest

• Worms can infest
• Digestive Tract
• Lungs
• On the skin
• Found mainly in animals grazing irrigated pasture
  and young cattle that have no resistance

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Symptoms of Worms

• Loss of weight
• Rough hair
• Poor appetite
• Diarrhea
• Coughing
• Loss of hair

• Respiratory distress

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TYPES OF WORMS
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Round Worms (Ostertagia)

• Brown Stomach Worms-Most common internal parasite
  found in cattle.
• Grazing cattle ingest 3rd stage larvae.

• Type 1 - eggs appear in manure 18-60 days after
  larval ingestion. Effects calves from 7-15
  months. Seen early in temperate regions and late
  cool regions.
• Type 2- Larvae may hibernate for up to 6 months
  in the gastric glands caused by unusual
  conditions, nutritional or climatic conditions.
  Occur in 12-20 month old cattle. Seen in late
  summer - autumn in warmer temperature regions or
  late winter to early spring in colder regions.

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Lungworms (Dictyocalus Viviparous)

• Occurs where pastures are normally wet or swampy.
• Ingested through grazing.
• Larvae migrated to lungs to lymphatic system the
  arterial blood supply.
• Emerge into alveoli to the bronchioles and to the
  bronchi where they mature.
• Leads to emphysema or pneumonia.
• All ages of cattle are infected.

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Large Stomach Worms andTape Worms
Large Stomach Worms - Haemonchus
Tape Worms

• Affect young cattle.
• Live in soil and grass.
• Ingested by feeding oribatid mites.
• After 6 weeks the eggs convert to an infective
  form which is cysticercoids.
• Infected by ingesting mites.

• In the abomasums, punctures small blood vessels,
  then feeds on blood.
• Called-Barber pole or wire worm.
• Seen most frequently in young animals. Older
  animals that havent been exposed can be
  seriously infected.

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Ringworm

• Even though this is not an internal or serious
  disease it is still important to get rid of.
• It is a fungal disease found in many animals
  including cattle.
• It is transmitted by direct contact with the
  animal that was previously infected.

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What Ringworm Looks Like

• It is a circular patch where there is broken
  stubby hair, it may be crusting, and have a
  redness to it.
• Will appear to be spreading in an outward
  position.
• There may be one or more on the animals body.

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How to treat Ringworm andWhy Treat!

• The spot can be treated with a topical
  anti-fungal cream. There are also oral
  medications to give if the ringworms are more
  severe.
• Ringworm should be treated to prevent spreading
  to humans and other animals.
• Remember, it spreads easily. So you should treat
  the infected animal as soon as possible. Also
  keep infected animal away from others so it will
  not spread.
• You can use Iodine on ringworm.

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Types of Dewormers for the Worms That were listed

• Privermectin (Pour On)
• 1mL per 22lb of body weight
• Used for the control or treatment of roundworms
  and lungworms
• Apply to backline from the withers to the tail
  head
• Ivomec Eprinex (Pour On)
• 1mL per 22lb of body weight
• Used for the treatment or control of roundworms
  and lungworms
• For use on cattle 8 weeks or older
• Apply to backline from the withers to the tail
  head.

• Dectomex (Pour On)
• 1mL per 22lb of body weight
• Used for the treatment or control of internal as
  well as external parasites
• Such as roundworm and lungworms
• Apply to backline from the withers to the tail
  head
• Agri-Mectin (Pour On)
• 1mL per 22lb of body weight
• Used for the control or treatment of roundworms
  and lungworms
• Apply to backline from the withers to the tail
  head

These wormers are also used for the control and
treatment of lice, grubs, horn flies, and mites.
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Things To Remember
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• Nutrition
• Proper nutrition is key to keeping your cattle
  healthy. How they are fed and what you feed has
  an impact on their health.
• Vaccinations
• Consult with your vet on which vaccinations are
  needed, when, and how much to administer.
  Remember that some states require certain
  vaccinations against certain diseases.
• When using a live-virus make sure it is not
  exposed to heat and chemically disinfected
  syringes can inactivate them.

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• SQ IM INJECTIONS
• When giving an IM injection in the neck or rump
  make sure you choose a large, thick muscle so you
  wont hit a bone. When giving the IM injection to
  a small calf a shot remember the neck muscle is
  not large enough to absorb different types of
  antibiotics or shots.
• When giving the IM injection, make sure you dont
  hit a vein. If you do hit a vein remove the
  needle slowly and find a different place.
• When giving the SQ injection, hold the loose skin
  to make sure the needle doesnt poke the tissue.
• Helpful Hints
• If the animal is resisting, wait until it settles
  down.
• Always be sure you give the injection in a clean,
  dry area on the calf.
• Remember that vaccinating calves too soon may
  cause them not to gain adequate immunity due to
  the fact that their immune system is still
  immature.
• If you have any questions on age of proper
  administration consult with your vet.

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The End!