Lesson: Preventive Health Programs

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Lesson Preventive Health Programs

• Unit Veterinary Foundations
• Course Veterinary Science
• Mr. Dieckhoff

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Vaccinations

• The Immune System
• Video http//www.youtube.com/watch?vIWMJIMzsEMg
  p40E41A9D4B85C861index31
• Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

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Vaccinations

• Types
• Killed disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat
  or chemical
• Advantages do not replicate
• Disadvantage requires more disease agent,
  increased risk of allergic reactions
• Modified Live takes agent and changes it to be
  mild (attenuation changing disease)
• Advantages replicate once in body, less antigen
  is required
• Disadvantages mild infection symptoms (fever),
  lethargic for 12-24 hours
• Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine
  can be harmful

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Vaccinations

• Maternal Antibodies
• Colostrum
• Temporary (only 6-8 weeks)
• Dont vaccinate under 6 weeks old because clash
  with maternal antibodies
• Very important to make sure mothers are up to
  date with vaccinations

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Canine Diseases Vaccinations

• DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper
  Combination)
• Distemper
• Hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Parainfluenza
• Parvo
• Corona (C or CV)

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Distemper

• Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems
• Symptoms
• thick discharge from eye
• High fever
• Leads to death
• Spread by raccoon, foxes, coyotes, other dogs

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Hepatitis (Type 2)

• Infectious Canine Hepatitis
• Attacks liver and kidneys
• Symptoms
• High Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Extreme Lethargy
• Leads to death

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Leptospirosis

• Microscopic corkscrew bacteria
• Spread through urine
• Common in rural areas around livestock
• Symptoms
• Loss of apetite
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Leads to Death
• Vaccinate has large side effects

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Parainfluenza

• Attacks respiratory system
• Combines with Bordetella
• Contagious in poor air circulation
• Symptoms
• Persistent cough

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Parvo

• Most commonly seen (especially in 1970s)
• Attacks digestive system
• Transmitted through stool
• Symptoms
• Vomiting
• Bloody diarrhea
• Kills lining of small intestine

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Corona (C or CV)

• Mild case of Parvo
• Symptoms
• Diarrhea without blood

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Rabies

• Concentrates in saliva
• Ends in brain (paralysis/death)
• Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes
• Symptoms
• Cannot swallow
• Large amount of saliva
• Aggressive temper

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Bordetella (Kennel Cough)

• Not deadly, but easily spread
• Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers
• Symptoms
• Deep cough
• Vaccines injectable and intranasal

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Lyme Disease

• Transmitted by ticks
• High in hunting dogs
• Symptoms
• Fever
• Lameness
• Swollen Joints

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Giardia

• Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies
• Symptoms
• Severe diarrhea
• Rancid Odor

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Cat Diseases and Vaccines

• FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine)
• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
• Calicivirus
• Panleukopenia
• Chlamydia (optional)

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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

• Symptoms
• Sneezing
• Discharge from eyes and nose
• Lifelong symptoms

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Calicivirus

• Cause oral ulcers
• Symptoms
• Cold-like
• Pneumonia

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Panleukopenia

• Feline distemper
• Spread by water, urine, fleas
• Symptoms
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy
• Vomiting
• Bloody diarrhea
• Abortion

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Chlamydia

• Symptoms
• Severe eye infection
• Sneezing

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Rabies (RV)

• Same as dogs

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Feline Leukemia - FeLV

• Inhibits immune system
• Caused by facial contact
• Symptoms will show secondary disease

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

• Transmitted by fecal matter
• Ascites (bloated) fluid build up in belly
• Given Intranaselly
• Symptoms
• Fever
• Weight Loss

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Vaccine Schedules

• Vaccinating a Puppy
• Start 6-8 wks of age physical exam, stool
  check, deworming, 1st puppy shot
• Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks
• Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks)
• Vaccinating an Adult Dog
• 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4
  wks apart
• Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every
  1-3 years
• Vaccinating a Cat
• 3-4 week interval
• Start at 7-9 weeks of age
• Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age

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Tips to Handling Vaccines

1. Always keep refrigerated
2. Always use new needles or syringes
3. Always reconstitute properly
4. Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to
   withdrawing
5. Follow Manufacturers guidelines
6. Never mix inappropriate vaccines
7. Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same
   area
8. Inject vaccine slowly
9. Rub injected area
10. Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of
    vaccination

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Hearthworm Prevention

• An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic
• Spaghetti-like worm
• Live in Blood Stream
• Symptoms
• Coughing
• Weigh-Loss
• Labored Breathing
• Spitting Up Blood
• Death

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Heartworm Prevention

• See handout

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Review Questions 17 Pts

• What are the bodies natural infection fighting
  molecules called?
• Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a
  more pronounced immune response?
• What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate
  a puppy?
• Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live
  virus be lethargic or sleepy for a day or so?
• List a prominent symptom of each disease
• Distemper
• Parvo
• Rabies
• Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to
  dogs?
• How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to
  another?
• Of all the dog diseases covered in this section,
  which ones are transmissible to people?
• At what age can a kitten receive a rabies
  vaccination?
• Which disease may cause young cats to get a
  bloated appearance?
• How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat
  to cat?
• FIP, if given, is administered in what location?
• Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age
  before vaccinating a kitten or puppy?
• How often should the puppy vaccinations be
  repeated during the initial vaccination series?
• At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy
  or kitten series?
• If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9
  weeks of age and it had never been vaccinated
  before, at what other ages would the puppy need
  to come back for additional boosters?