Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Chordata

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Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Chordata
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Kingdom Animalia

• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Nematoda
• Annelida
• Mollusca
• Arthropoda
• Echinodermata
• Chordata

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Phylum Arthropoda

• Examples insects, crabs, centipedes, spiders
• Segmented body
• Tough exoskeleton
• Composed of chitin and protein
• Jointed appendages
• Appendages are structures such as legs and
  antennae
• Name arthropoda comes from the Greek
• arthron (joint) and poda (foot)

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Subphylum Chelicerata

• Ticks Mites
• Spiders Scorpions
• Horseshoe crabs

2-part body (cephalothorax, abdomen) Chelicerae
first pair of appendages are specialized feeding
structures
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Subphylum Crustacea

• Crabs Lobsters
• Pill bugs Barnacles

Mouthparts called mandibles Two pairs of
antennae Appendages have two branches Many have
carapace
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Subphylum Uniramia Have jaws, one pair of
antennae, unbranched appendages

• Class Chilopoda centipedes
• One pair of legs per segment
• Carnivores
• Class Diplopoda millipedes
• Two pairs of legs per segment
• Herbivores
• Class Insecta
• 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
• Six legs
• Usually two pairs of wings

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Insects

• 3 body parts

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Respiratory System
Spiracles tiny openings from which air enters
and leaves body Tracheal tubes deliver oxygen
to body
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Excretory System

• Malpighian tubules extract waste from blood and
  add to digestive waste

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Circulatory System

• Well developed heart
• Blood delivers oxygen to tissues

• Nervous System
• Brain
• Ventral nerve cord

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Metamorphosis

• Process of changing shape and form
• Incomplete metamorphosis
• Immature form looks much like adult
• Immature stage called nymph
• Complete metamorphosis
• Dramatic changes occur between larval stage and
  adult
• Egg larva pupa - adult

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Orders of some common insects

• Coleoptera beetles
• Diptera true flies
• Hemiptera true bugs
• Hymenoptera bees, ants, wasps
• Lepidoptera butterflies, moths
• Odonata dragonflies, damselflies
• Orthoptera crickets, grasshoppers

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Order Coleoptera
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Order Diptera
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Order Hemiptera

• True bugs

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Order Hymentoptera
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Order Lepidoptera
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Order Odonata
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Order Orthoptera
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Phylum Chordata

• The chordates
• Four key characteristics
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Notochord
• Pharyngeal pouches
• Tail that extends beyond anus
• Present in some stage of
  life

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Hollow nerve cord

• Runs along dorsal part of body
• Nerves branch from nerve cord

• Notochord
• Supporting rod below nerve cord
• In humans, only in embryos

• Pharyngeal pouches
• Paired slits in throat region

Tail that extends past anus
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Nonvertebrate chordates

• Tunicates and lancelets

Blue-bell tunicate
Lancelet
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Vertebrates

• Characterized by a vertebral column or backbone
• 5 of all animals

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Fish

• Jawless fish
• Lampreys, hagfish
• Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fishes
• Sharks, rays, skates
• Class Osteichthyes Bony fishes
• Goldfish, salmon, perch

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Class Amphibia Amphibians

• Live in water as larva and on land as adult
• Breathe with lungs as adult
• Moist skin containing mucus glands
• Part of life spent in water
• Examples frogs, toads, salamanders

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Class Reptilia Reptiles

• Have dry, scaly skin
• Lungs
• Terrestrial eggs
• Live entire life spent out of water

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Class Aves Birds

• Reptile-like
• Have constant body temperature (endotherms)
• Feathers
• Two legs modified for walking/perching
• Front limbs modified into wings

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Class Mammalia Mammals

• Characteristics
• Hair
• Mammary glands for nourishing young with milk
• Four-chambered hearts
• Endotherms
• Reproduce by internal fertilization

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