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Marine Invertebrates

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(feeding) Sea lillies ancient group, stalked, common in deep water Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata (G. tail string) Fig. 7.26 Ex. Sea squirts, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Marine Invertebrates


1
Marine Invertebrates
  • Part II

2
Two remaining Phyla
  • P. Arthropoda (G. jointed feet)
  • P. Echinodermata (G. spiny skin)
  • Plus one group of the Phylum Chordata
  • Subphylum Urochordata (G. string tail)

3
Phylum Arthropoda
  • The largest animal phylum, containing 75 of all
    animal species.
  • Contain terrestrial, freshwater, and marine
    forms.
  • Most familiar marine examples include
  • shrimps
  • lobsters
  • crabs
  • barnacles
  • krill
  • copepods

4
General characteristics
  • Bilaterally - highly cephalized.
  • Segmented, with tagmata (functional regions) such
    as head, thorax and abdomen or cephalothorax and
    abdomen.

5
General characteristics
  • Jointed appendages (unique among invertebrates)
  • 1 pair per segment
  • modified depending on lifestyle for
  • sensory function
  • feeding
  • locomotion
  • reproduction
  • respiration
  • Includes antennae, mouthparts (maxillipeds),
    claws (chelipeds), walking and swimming legs

Fig. 9-33
6
General characteristics
  • Exoskeleton (cuticle) of chitin (polysacchride)
    and proteins
  • Grow by molting soft shell crabs (Fig.
    9-34)

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8
Subphylum Chelicerata (G. claw)
  • Possess chelicerae for feeding
  • (terrestrial - spiders and scorpions)
  • marine members
  • horseshoe crab Limulus (common on east coast of
    U.S., west coast of Asia) (Fig. 9-31) mating

9
Male vs female?
10
chewing
11
Subphylum Chelicerata (G. claw)
  • Possess chelicerae for feeding
  • (terrestrial - spiders and scorpions)
  • marine members
  • horseshoe crab Limulus (common on east coast of
    U.S., west coast of Asia) (Fig. 9-31) mating
  • sea spiders (pycnogonids - G. all leg) (Fig.
    9-32)

12
Subphylum CrustaceaL. a crust
  • Class Malocostraca (G. soft shell)
  • Order Decapoda (G. 10 feet) (Fig. 9-33, 9-35)
  • Most crabs, shrimp, lobsters
  • Actually 5 prs. of thoracic appendages
  • Abdominal appendages (when present) often adapted
    for swimming or reproduction

13
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15
Male Female
16
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17
  • Order Euphausiacea (u fow ze a se ah) (Fig.
    9-38)
  • possess 8 prs. of thoracic appendages
  • includes the common krill
  • important in food chains for many animals,
    including large mammals such as whales
  • biomass in Arctic waters alone equals current
    world harvest of all other marine animals
    combined.
  • Many bioluminescent
  • may decrease in size at molts (adaptation to
    starvation conditions during arctic winter
    decreased production?)

18
  • Class Copepoda (G. oar feet)
  • Ex. Copepods (Fig. 9-40)
  • bullet-shaped
  • move by using antennules
  • extremely important as 1o consumers of
    phytoplankton

19
  • Class Cirripedia (L. hairy feet)
  • Ex. Barnacles (9-41)
  • stand on heads in house of calcium carbonate -
    attached to substrate
  • wave legs out to catch floating debris for
    food Barnacles feeding

20
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21
Phylum Echinodermata(G. spiny skin)
  • Exclusively marine and estuarine animals
  • Ex. Sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea
    cucumbers, sea lillies, feather stars

22
General characteristics
  • Pentaradial symmetry into star, cylinder or globe
    shape
  • no cephalization
  • oral and aboral surfaces
  • calcareous endoskeleton with spines that project
    through overlying epidermis
  • many have impressive powers of regeneration (sea
    stars, cucumbers)

23
General characteristics
  • water vascular system (Fig. 9-43) takes on role
    of many typical organ systems found in other
    animals
  • system of tubes and canals that circulate water
    thoughout the body
  • exploit the flow for locomotion (tube feet),
    respiration and excretion (diffusion across walls
    of tube feet) circulation.
  • locomotion

24
  • Star-like Sea stars, serpent (brittle) stars
  • usually predatory
  • often extrude one stomach to digest prey (corals,
    oyster beds, etc.)
  • may autotomize (drop limbs) to escape predators

Fig. 9.44, 9.45
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26
  • Globe-like Sea urchins, sand dollars
  • Many grazers - scrape surfaces with jaw
    apparatus (Aristotles lantern) of over 100
    parts.
  • May burrow beneath sand/mud eating sediment (sand
    dollars)

Fig. 9-46, 9-47
27
  • Cylindrical Sea cucumbers
  • modified tube feet as tentacles to capture
    debris from water or substrate and transfer to
    mouth. (feeding)

Fig. 9-48, 9-49
28
  • Flower-like Sea lillies
  • ancient group, stalked, common in deep water

Fig. 9-50
29
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Urochordata(G. tail
string) Fig. 9-52
  • Ex. Sea squirts (sedentary) salps and
    larvaceans (free-swimming)
  • possess dorsal hollow nerve cord, stiff
    notochord, and gill slits as larvae only
  • tadpole larvae - hence the name

30
  • Also known as tunicates live in secreted
    tunic of cellulose-like polysaccharide.
  • All filter feeders
  • Important 1o consumers of nano- and
    micro-producers
  • Cases add to detritus (food source to many)
  • Many are sedentary encrusting at intertidal zones

31
Salps may occur in huge floating colonies Fig.
9-52d
32
  • Larvaceans explode in numbers, shed cases in huge
    numbers, add to detritus
  • Fig. 9-52e
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