Title: CMSC424: Database Design
1CMSC424 Database Design
2Storage Hierarchy
3Storage Hierarchy
- Cache - Super fast volatile
- Main memory - 10s or 100s of ns volatile
- Flash memory - limited number of write/erase
cycles non-volatile, slower than main memory - Intel announcement
- Magnetic Disk - Non-volatile
- Optical Storage - CDs/DVDs Jukeboxes
- Tape storage - Backups super-cheap painful to
access
4Jim Grays Storage Latency Analogy How Far
Away is the Data?
51956 IBM RAMAC 24 platters 100,000 characters
each 5 million characters
61979 SEAGATE 5MB
71998 SEAGATE 47GB
82004 Hitachi 400GB Height (mm) 25.4. Width (mm)
101.6. Depth (mm) 146. Weight (max. g) 700
92006 Western Digital 500GB Weight (max. g) 600g
10(No Transcript)
11Typical Values Diameter 1 inch ? 15
inches Cylinders 100 ?
2000 Surfaces 1 or 2 (Tracks/cyl) 2
(floppies) ? 30 Sector Size 512B ?
50K Capacity 360 KB (old floppy) ?
300 GB
12Reliability Issues Mean time to failure
(MTTF) 57 to 136 years Given 1000 new disks
with 1,200,000 hours of MTTF, on average one
of them will fail in 1200 hours 50 days.