Chapter 27 China, Taiwan, Mongolia

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Chapter 27China, Taiwan, Mongolia
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• Section 1
• Physical Geography
• 1. China is the third largest country in area.
• 2. China is 40 mountainous.
• 3. Himalayas in the far western part on the
  Nepal border.
• 4. Plateau of Tibetworlds highest plateau.
• 5. Plains and valleys in the eastern part holds
  most of the population.

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• 6. Three major rivers (north to south)
• a. Huang He (Yellow)
• -yellow loess. Easily crumbled soil
  picked up in the west and
• deposited in the east.
• b. Yangtze (Chang Jiang)
• -Great River of China
• -Three Gorges Dam
• Provide hydroelectricity and
  freighter traffic further inland,
• regulate flooding.
• Create a reservoir 385 miles
  long, flood 13 major cities, 350
  
• to 700 villages and 1300 major
  historical sights, 115,000
• acres of arable land.
• Displace 1 to 2 million people.
• Originally estimated at 11
  billion, final cost could be 50
• billion.
• Some argue it couldve been
  accomplished with a series of
• smaller dams.
• 612 feet high, 1.3 miles long.

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• c. Xi
• d. Population clustered around these
  rivers
• Chinas Regions
• 1. Southern China
• a. humid subtropical
• b. most productive
• c. ¼ of population
• d. rice
• e. Hong Kong
• -large financial sector
• -controlled by the British until 1997
• -will continue capitalism

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• 2. Northern China
• a. ½ of the population, most of which in
  the North China Plain.
• Population here larger than U.S.
  population.
• b. center of culture and political power
  location of Beijing.
• c. wheat belt drier climate
• 3. Northeast China
• a. three provinces known as Manchuria
• b. humid continental climate, but severe
  winters like Siberia.
• c. oil fields.

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• 4. Western China
• a. too dry, too hot, or too cold to support
  populations.
• b. Tibet
• -controlled by China since the 1950s,
  seeking independence.
• -Buddhists. Once banned by China, but
  lifted.
• -Dali Lama
• Natural Resources
• 1. Leading producer coal, tin, lead, and
  tungsten.
• 2. Hydropower

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• 3. Agriculture
• a. 64 of the people.
• b. Intensive Agriculturea lot of human
  labor. Paddy fields.
• c. Double croppingtwo crops harvested per
  year from the same plot. Compensates for only
  10 of the land being arable.
• Section 2History and Culture
• Dynasties
• 1. Qinfirst dynasty, created China.
• 2. Hanhad the largest impact, strong military,
  expanded to the South. Chinese call themselves
  Han today.

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• China was an open country for a long period, and
  traded with Europe via the Silk Road. Became
  isolated, a mistake.
• Divided among the Europeans and the U.S. in
  1800s. Still controlled by the Manchus.
• Revolution in the 1920s.
• 1. Lead by Sun Yat-sen. Established the
  Republic of China.
• Westernization.
• 2. Chiang Kai-shek
• a. wanted to establish a strong central
  government.
• b. worked to defeat warlords.
• c. opposition from the communists.

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• 3. World War II
• a. Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931.
• Puppet Governmentcontrolled by
  outside forces.
• b. Invaded Chinas east in 1937.
• c. Communists and nationalists agreed to a
  truce to fight the Japanese.
• 4. Civil War
• a. Nationalists vs. Communists
• b. Communists won in 1949, Nationalists
  fled to Taiwan.
• c. Communists lead by Mao Zedong

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• China Under Mao
• 1. Mao was very idealistic
• 2. Seized private property and forced people on
  to collectives.
• 3. Women given equal status, then sent to the
  fields to work.
• 4. Great Leap Forward1958
• a. improve economy and develop smaller
  industries
• b. new mines, blast furnaces (backyard),
  dams, etc.
• c. large cooperatives, more people forced
  on to communes.
• d. government set goals, didnt rely on
  markets.

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• 5. Cultural Revolution1966-1976
• a. Mao worried about material incentive,
  thought people forgot about communist ideals.
• b. People needed to return to peasant way
  of life.
• c. Targets educated, intellectuals,
  business leaders, scientists.
• Schools and universities closed.
• d. Red Guardsstudent followers of Mao.
  
• Enforced Cultural Revolution.
• e. Violence and riots. Executions, jail,
  hard labor

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• 6. Mao died in 1976
• Deng Xiaoping
• 1. Took over after Mao
• 2. More practical
• 3. Modernization of China
• a. farmers could market crops and live in
  own homes lease land from the governmentdont
  own it.
• Agricultural productivity increased, nearly
  self-sufficient in food.
• b. expanded private industry and
  self-employment
• c. Special Economic Zones in the
  Southrelaxed control to attract foreign
  companies.

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• d. joining global economy
• e. more consumer goods
• 6 washing machines per 100. Now 90
• 1 refrigerator per 100. Now at least
  ½
• f. foreign investment
• 4. Communists still in control no political
  reforms
• Culture
• 1.3 billion people
• 2. Population PolicyOne Child Policy
• a. 1976 by Mao
• b. Incentives free sterilization and birth
  control, free delivery, free medical care and
  education for the child.

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• c. Punishments pay cuts, fines,
  harassment, forced abortions, etc.
• d. Peasants have enough money now to pay
  fines.
• e. Down to 1 annually, but still adding
  20 million people annually.
• Mandarin Chinese is official language, use
  pictograms, writing with characters.
• They reject this description.
• 4. Religions
• a. Buddhism
• b. Taoismnatural order the universe, find
  the Tao, or with way.
• Live a simple life close to nature.

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• 5. Confucianism
• a. code of ethics family, loyalty, duty,
  education
• 6. 55 ethnic groups
• Section 3Taiwan
• 1. Originally called Formosa by the Portuguese.
• 2. 85 Taiwanese, ancestors from mainland China
• MainlandersNationalists who fled after the civil
  war. Martial law for 38 years.
• 4. Rapid economic growth.
• 5. Viewed itself as the proper government of
  China. Represented China in U.N. until 1971.
• 6. China views it as a renegade province

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