The University of the West Indies St. Augustine

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The University of the West IndiesSt. Augustine

• Research Day 2006
• Research in the Faculty of Engineering
• WEALTH CREATION
• By
• Professor C. K. Sankat
• Dean, Faculty of Engineering

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OUR MISSION

• The Mission of the Faculty of Engineering is to
  be the provider of a world quality education in
  Engineering, Geoinformatics and Geoscineces and
  research and development programmes in support of
  Caribbean Business, Industry and Infrastructure,
  with its graduates, staff and facilities being at
  the forefront in propelling growth, development
  and innovation in the Region.

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WEALTH CREATION

• This can be embodied in the growth and
  development of our human capital and their
  overall well being, in our physical capital, in
  the sustainable exploitation of our natural
  resources and the management of our environment
  and in our businesses and industries and the
  supply of goods and services.

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AN OVERVIEW

• Since its inception in 1961, the Faculty of
  Engineering of the UWI has been engaged in wealth
  creating activities for the English Speaking
  Caribbean through its
• Undergraduate and Postgraduate Programmes in
• - Engineering - Surveying
• - Food Science - Geo Sciences

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An Overview (continued)

• Research, Development Outreach
• - Food Agriculture
• - Education
• - Manufacturing Industry
• - Construction Infrastructure
• - Oil, Gas Petrochemicals
• - Energy
• - Water the Environment
• - Urban Rural Planning
• - The Future

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GRADUATE POSTGRADUATE EDUCATIONDRIVING WEALTH
CREATION

• The Faculty has produced approximately 5000
  Engineering, Surveying Geo Science Graduates,
  serving all of the English speaking Caribbean,
  from the Bahamas in the North to Guyana in the
  South. Our graduates have achieved distinctive
  leadership positions managing major facets of the
  wealth creating industries and infrastructure in
  petroleum, oil, gas petrochemicals, in food,
  beverage and agriculture, in bauxite, alumina,
  cement, iron steel, in housing, roads,
  buildings, in the provision of electricity,
  water, telecommunications, waste and
  environmental management, in entertainment, etc.

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THE ORGANISATION OF OUR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT
OUTREACH WORK

• Our Research Development and Outreach efforts
  are concentrated in either joint or individual
  activities of Staff and Students. For example-
• Research Development Work
• There is a rich output of creative, innovative
  work particularly from our Undergraduate and
  Postgraduate students in the Faculty.
• Undergraduate Student Projects approximately
  250
• M. Sc Projects - approximately 110 of these
• M.Phil/Ph.D Theses - approximately 8 of these
• Individual Staff Research

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OUTREACH

• Transferring knowledge from the Faculty to
  Government, Businesses and Industry is as
• important as fundamental research and this is
• facilitated through

• Individual staff linkages with Industry
• The work of the Engineering Institute and the
  RTSG
• The Business Development Office of the Campus
• Specialised conferences and workshops
• Our flagship publication, the West Indian Journal
  of Engineering

There is much more to be done here.
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RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTFood and Agriculture

• Food Production Processes Relishes,
• Juices, Condiments
• Food characterisation/ Food Quality
• /Utilization
• Food safety (the poultry industry, potable
• water, etc.)

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EXAMPLES OF FOOD AGRICULTURE

• Akingbala, J.O., Oyewole, O.B., Uzo-Peters, P.O.,
  Karim, O.R. and Baccus-Taylor, G.S.H., (2005).
  Evaluating stored cassava quality in gari
  production. Journal of Agriculture, Food and
  Environment, Vol. 3, (1) 74-79
• Dookeran, M. Baccus-Taylor, G.S.H., and
  Akingbala, J.O. (2004). Laboratory manufacture
  and comparison of Ginger (Zingiber officinale
  Roscoe) beer quality. Journal of Agriculture,
  Food and Environment, Vol. 2, (34) 29-33
• Mujaffar, S. and Sankat, C.K. (2005). The
  air-drying behaviour of Shark Fillets. Canadian
  Bio-Systems Engineering. Vol. 47, (3), 11-21.

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Examples of Food Agriculture (continued)

• Sankat, C.K. and Castaigne, F. (2004), Foaming
  and Drying behaviour of Ripe Bananas.
  Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie
  (LWT), Vol. 37, 517-525.
• Sankat, C.K. and Harrynanan, L. (2004).
  Refrigerated Storage of the Seeded Breadfruit
  (Breadnut) or Chataigne. West Indian Journal
  of Engineering, Vol. 27, (1), 1-9.
• Sankat, C.K. and Maharaj, R. 2005. Effect of
  Shrink Wrapping and Controlled Atmospheres on the
  Post-Harvest Browning and Quality of Breadfruit.
  ASEAN Food Journal Vol. 13, (1), 29-40.

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Examples of Food Agriculture (continued)

• M. Forman-Thomas, G.S.H. Baccus-Taylor and J.
  Akingbala. Reformation, Production and Quality
  Evaluation of Soy and Worchestershire Sauces
  Using a Cold Process. Annual Institute of Food
  Technologists Conference and Exhibition, New
  Orleans, Louisiana, USA, July 16-20, 2005
• G.S.H. Baccus-Taylor. Food Safety Practices and
  the Caribbean. Regional Conference on Food
  Safety, organized by the Caribbean Industrial
  Research Institute (CARIRI) and WAITRO, Trinidad,
  May 17 18, 2005.
• Mayaki, O.M., Akingbala, J. O., Gaccus-Taylor, G.
  S. and Thomas, S, (2003). Evaluation of
  breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) in traditional
  stiff porridge foods. Journal Of Food
  Agriculture And Environment 1, 54-59.

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EDUCATION

• It is now generally recognised that development
  of a countrys human resources is essential to
  its prosperity and growth and to the effective
  use of its physical Capital
• Developing new methods for learning, promoting
  wider access for Undergraduate Postgraduate
  education facilitating Computer Aided Education
  (CAE), quality etc.

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Examples of Educational Technology Research
Development (continued)

• Mallalieu, K. An E-learning strategy
  foundation block for a knowledge-based society.
  2005. CTU 8th Telecommunication Policy Seminar,
  Barbados.
• Gift, S.J.G. and Ward, R. (2005). E-Learning in
  a Wireless Classroom. July 2005. ACHEA 5th
  Annual Conference. Tobago.
• Muddeen, F. and Gabriel K. The Development of a
  MATLAB Instrumentation Tutor. International
  Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 21, No. 3
• Pun, K.F., Ellis, R.L.A. and Chan, L, (2005).
  Development of a Quality Manual for a Research
  and Educational Centre A Case Study, Asian
  Journal on Quality, Vol. 6, (2), 131 - 146.

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Examples of Educational Technology Research
Development (continued)

• Yam, R.C.M. and K.F. Pun, (2005). Enhancing
  quality teaching in operations management an
  action learning approach, The Asian Journal on
  Quality, Vol. 6, (1), 2005, 43- 57.
• Shrivastava, G. S., (2004). Fluid Mechanics and
  the Undergraduate Civil Engineer, Journal of
  Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil
  Engineers, 130 (10) 953-956.

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MANAGING THE FUTURE

• Replacing Linear Regression Models by Neuro Fuzzy
  Modelling using new tools to treat with large
  amounts of historical data and to deal with
  complexity so as to model, predict and manage the
  future. Application of the research work of Dr.
  A. Kong are in the financial sector (commercial
  stock markets), the industrial sector (building
  and rejuvenating our industries) and the
  infrastructural sector (roads, telecoms, etc.).

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Managing the Future (Continued)

• Kong, A. Fast Computing A fusion of
  Foundations, Methodologies and Applications.
  Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. Vol. 9, No. 6
  421-429

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Managing the Future (Continued)

• Building future wealth through the investment in
  Research and Development, Innovation, Technology
  Transfer and Country Models which may be used to
  foster this are also being studied.

• Sankat, C.K., Pun, K.F. and Motilal, C.B. 2005.
  The Technology Transfer Vehicle for
  Agro-Innovation Development in the Caribbean A
  Model. Acta Horticulturae (674), 343-350.

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Managing the Future (Continued)

• On managing the future for resource mapping
  disaster preparedness, better environmental
  management and protection, there is considerable
  on going research and development work.

• Wilson, B. (2004). A note on the foraminiferal
  biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the San José
  Calcareous Silt Member (Manzanilla Formation) at
  the Forres Park Landfill, Central Trinidad.
  Caribbean Journal of Science (40), 388-391.
•  

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Examples of Managing the Future (Continued)

• Baban, S.M.J., and Sant, K.J. (2005). Mapping
  Landslide Susceptibility for the Caribbean Island
  of Tobago using GIS, Multi-Criteria Evaluation
  techniques with a varied weighted approach.
  Caribbean J. of Earth Sciences. Vol. 38, 11-20.
• Baban, S.M.J., and Sant, K.J. (2004). Mapping
  Landslide Susceptibility on A Small Mountainous
  Tropical Island Using GIS. Asian J.
  Geoinformatics. Vol. 5, (1), 33-42.
• Baban, S.M.J., Ramlal, B., and Raid Al-Tahir.
  (2004). Issues in Information Poverty and
  Decision-Making in the Caribbean Region, A Way
  Forward. The West Indian Journal of Engineering.
  Vol. 27, (1), 28-37

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OIL, GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS

• Finding oil and gas
• Seismic surveys - bp and others are using the
  latest seismic techniques using the detailed
  properties of the P and S waves and how they are
  modified through the earth's surface. As S waves
  do not travel through liquid (eg water) the
  receivers (hydrophones) have to be laid onto the
  seabed. This is costly but can be very
  informative.

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Oil, Gas And Petrochemicals (continued)

• Hydrates
• Hydrates are composed of water molecules but
  have gas contained in the space of the three
  dimensional lattice of the water molecules. The
  interactions make the gas plus water stable above
  the normal freezing point of water to form an ice
  like compound. Natural gases particularly methane
  can be trapped. Worldwide the quantities are
  believed to be huge but - no one knows exactly
  how much or worse - how best to extract this gas
  in a way that is inherently safe. Until this can
  be assured hydrate gas is a dream - however it
  could be the base of energy wealth.

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Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals (Continued)

• Heavy Oil
• This is viscous dense black sticky oil - there is
  much in Trinidad but it is difficult to extract
  at economic rates. Enhanced oil recovery
  particularly heavy oil is being used to obtain
  some of this oil. new procedures are being
  conceived and eventually pilot tested on real
  fields.
• Processingoil and gas produced from the
  reservoirs are not very beneficial as they are.
  The oil and gas have to be processed into useful
  products. Refineries do this and separate oil
  into components and maybe crack or break the long
  molecules into shorter ones to make fuels or
  modify the molecules to be better fuels. Gas can
  be converted into LNG and sold as energy, or made
  into methanol or ammonia to be sold or made into
  fertilizer. Methanol can be used as a fuel or
  fuel additive or polymerized into plastics.

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Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals (Continued)

• Processing (continued)
• There are many plastics and methanol is a useful
  starting point. The energy from gas can be used
  to make electricity or used as energy - eg to
  convert bauxite to alumina and subsequently into
  aluminium, or making iron from iron ore. The
  energy can also be used to make cement, glass
  etc.
• These basic products are the start of the wealth
  creating chain. From aluminium come car engine
  blocks or many other aluminium products.

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Examples of Research and Development

• Thomas, S and Dawe, R. A. Review of ways to
  transport natural gas energy from Countries which
  do not need gas fro domestic use. (2003). Energy
  (28) 1461-1477.
• Kromah, M., Thomas, S. and Dawe, R. A.
  Transporting Natural Gas Around The Caribbean.
  (January 2003). West Indian Journal of
  Engineering Vol 25 (2) 18-32.
• Roopa, I., Dawe, R.A. and Samuell, T. (2005). The
  effectiveness of downhole heating in heavy oil
  reservoirs the limiting conditions, Petroleum
  Science and Technology, (23), 681-692.
• Wilson, B. (2004). A note on the foraminiferal
  biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the San José
  Calcareous Silt Member (Manzanilla Formation) at
  the Forres Park Landfill, Central Trinidad.
  Caribbean Journal of Science (40), 388-391.

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Examples of Research and Development (continued)

• Wilson, B. (2004). Benthonic Foraminiferal
  Paleocology across a Trangressive-Regressive
  Cycle in the Brasso Formation (Early-Middle
  Miocene) of Central Trinidad. Caribbean Journal
  of Science (40), 126-138.
• Smith, J. V. (co-presenter), Grierson, L. and
  Caffyn, A. Gas to Products Research at UWI.
  (February 2005) Gas to Products From Research to
  Reality, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
• Shrivastava, G. S., (2004). Fluid Mechanics and
  the Undergraduate Civil Engineer, Journal of
  Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil
  Engineers, 130 (10) 953-956.

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MANUFACTURE AND INDUSTRY

• Recent developments of the World Trade
  Organisation and other international trade
  agreements have forced industries worldwide to
  face a new era of intense global competition
  (Dangayach and Deshmukh, 2001). Associated with
  rapid technological changes and product variety
  proliferation, this has led to an emerging
  scenario in which industries must continuously
  implement best practice management principles,
  strategies and technologies (Carpinetti et al.,
  2000). Manufacturing enterprises should define
  clear organisational objectives and compete
  effectively not only in the local context, but
  also in a wider regional and global marketplace.

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Manufacture and Industry (continued)

• It has been argued that the achievement of
  organisational objectives is realised through
• the deployment of strategic decisions
• the alignment of resources with strategy and
• the enhancement of the ability to compete on
• competitive criteria (e.g. quality, cost,
  delivery,
• and flexibility).

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Manufacture and Industry (continued)

• Many recent studies have found that the
  formulation and execution of viable
  organisational strategies (Barnes 2002 Porter,
  1998 Segal-Horn, 1998) determine how a company
  competes in the marketplace.

Source Pun, Kit Fai. An empirical
investigation of strategy determinants and
choices in manufacturing enterprises. Journal of
Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol. 16
(3) 282-301
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MANAGING MANUFACTURING FOR COMPETITIVENESS

• Pun. K.F., (2004). A Conceptual Synergy Model
  of Strategy Formulation for Manufacturing,
  International Journal of Operations and
  Production Management, Vol. 24, (9), 903 - 928.
• Pun, K.F. and Chin, K.S. (2005). On-line
  Assessment of New Product Development
  Performance An approach, Total Quality
  Management and Business Excellence, Vol. 16, (2),
  157 169.

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Managing Manufacturing for Competitiveness
(continued)

• Chowdary, B.V. and P. Praveen (2005). Formation
  of Virtual Manufacturing Cells by Incorporating
  Flexibility, Global Journal of Flexible Systems
  Management, Vol. 6, (1), 1 - 8.
• Chowdary, B.V., J. Slomp, and N.C. Suresh (2005).
  Design of Virtual Manufacturing Cells A
  Mathematical Programming Approach, International
  Journal of Robotics and Computer Integrated
  Manufacturing, Vol. 21, (3), 273 - 288.

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ON MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES

• The creation of small, medium and large
  manufacturing and production industries. The
  development and improvement of software and the
  management of support tools. The application of
  efficient performance and quality measurement
  systems in such enterprises in the Region are
  priorities for the Faculty.

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Examples of Manufacturing Technologies

• Lewis, W.G., K.F. Pun and T.R.M. Lalla (2004). A
  Generative Research Methodology for TQM
  implementation in Small and Medium-sized
  Manufacturing enterprises. The Asian Journal on
  Quality, Vol 5, (2), 89 - 105.
• Ramesh, K., Lewis, W.G. (2005). Nanotechnology
  advances around the World and its relevance to
  the Caricom Region. West Indian Journal of
  Engineering, Vol. 28, (1), 24 - 35.

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THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

• One of the most dynamic and responsive
  industrial sectors is that of construction. It
  is one of the most important providers of
  employment, its output (as capital formation) is
  very economically significant, it has strong
  backward and forward linkages with other
  industries (which result in high, economic
  multipliers and make it a particularly powerful
  tool for economic manipulation), and, in
  addition, its output is highly visible, which
  gives it added political appeal. Given this
  profile, it is important for policy-makers to
  know how the construction sector responds to
  changes in other aspects of the economy,
  particularly those that are relatively easy to
  regulate.

Source Lewis, T. M. (2005) The Economics of
the Construction Sector of Trinidad
Tobago. West Indian Journal of Engineering.
Vol. 28. (1) 13-23.
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Examples of Research Development in the
Construction Sector

• Labour issues in the Construction Sector the
  competitiveness of the Construction Sector in the
  Caribbean development of a construction cost
  database comparisons of the costs of
  constructions in different Caribbean Countries.

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Examples of Research Development in the
Construction Sector (continued)

• Lewis, T.M. (2005). Public procurement and
  corruption in Trinidad and Tobago. Journal of
  Construction Procurement, Vol. 10, (1), 4-15.
• Lewis, T.M. (2005). The Demand for Labour in
  Construction. Proceedings, CIB Symposium,
  COMBINING FORCES Advancing Facilities
  Management and Construction through Innovation,
  June 13-16, Helsinki.

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Examples of Research Development in the
Construction Sector (continued)

• Lewis, T.M. (2005). The Economics of the
  Construction Sector of Trinidad and Tobago. West
  Indian Journal of Engineering, Vol. 28, (1),
  13-23.
• Lewis, T.M. and Imbert, C.A.C. (2005). Policy
  Imperatives for International Trade in
  Construction Services in the Caribbean Community.
  West Indian Journal of Engineering,

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SUPPORTING CONSTRUCTION THROUGH MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGY

• Examples
• Sharma, A. K. and Sirju, K., (2004). Strength and
  Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns,
  Proceedings of International Conference on
  Advances in Concrete and Construction, December
  2004, Hyderabad, India, 139-149 pages.
• Clarke, R. P. and Sharma, A.K., (2004) Hysteretic
  Behaviour of Ferrocement-Retrofitted Clay Tiles
  Walls, American Concrete Institute (ACI)
  Structural Journal Vol. 101, No. 3, 387-394.
• Sharma, A.K., (2005). Testing of repaired
  reinforced concrete beams, Proceedings of Third
  International Conference on Construction
  Materials Performance, Innovations and
  Structural Implications, ConMat05, Vancouver,
  Canada.

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Supporting Construction Through Materials
Technology (Continued)

• Examples
• Ekwue, E. I., Stone, R. J., Maharaj, V. V., and
  Bhagwat D. (2005). Thermal Conductivity and
  Diffusivity of Four (4) Trinidadian Soils as
  affected by Peat Content. Transactions of the
  American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Vol.
  48 (5). 1803-1815.
• Manohar, K., Ramlakhan, D. and Kochhar, G.S.
  (2005). Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Wood
  by means of a Water-Activated Guarded-Hot-Plate
  Apparatus, West Indian Journal of Engineering,
  Vol. 28, (1), 61 - 68.
• Manohar, K., Ramroop, K and Kochhar, G.S. (2005).
  Thermal Conductivity of Trinidad - Guanapo Sharp
  Sand, West Indian Journal of Engineering, Vol.
  27, (2),18 - 26.

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WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT

• In most developing countries, planning was
  initially concerned with economic growth. Upon
  gaining political independence, post-colonial
  countries set about addressing the unmet backlog
  of physical and social infrastructure problems,
  low rates of economic growth, and poverty. Since
  the post-independence era, development in
  non-industrialized countries has undergone
  significant changes in both scope and approach
  and has arisen from shifts in international
  agency policies as well as from local factors.
  These transformations are reflected in issues
  such as the provision of infrastructure, of which
  water supply is a prime example.

Source Mycoo, Michelle. (2005). Shifting
Paradigms in Water Provisioning Policies A
Trinidad Case Study. Water Resources
Development. Vol. 21, (3) 509-523
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Examples of Water and the Environment

• Shrivastava, G. S., (2005). Watershed Management
  for Environmental Quality and Food Security,
  Water Encyclopedia Surface and Agricultural
  Water, John Wiley Sons, New York, pg. 479.
• Mycoo, Michelle (2005). Utility Performance and
  Consumer Willingness to Pay for Water in the
  1990s Case Study of Trinidad, West Indian
  Journal of Engineering, Vol. 27, (2), 45-53.
• Baban, S.M.J., and Sant, K.J. (2004). Mapping
  Landslide Susceptibility on A Small Mountainous
  Tropical Island Using GIS. Asian J.
  Geoinformatics. Vol. 5, (1), 33-42.

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INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

• INSTRUMENTATION
• Improved circuitry for a wide variety of
  industrial applications computers,
  communication equipment, measurement systems etc.
  Instrumentation designers and manufactures could
  utilise these circuits in their products and
  systems.

• Examples
• Gift, S.J.G., Maundy, B., and Aronhime, P.
  (2004). New Current Feedback Amplifier
  Configuration. International Journal of
  Electronics. Vol. 91 (11), 675-684.

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Examples of Instrumentation (continued)

• Gift, S.J.G. and Maundy, B., (2004).
  High-Performance Active Bandpass Filter Using
  Current Feedback Amplifiers. International
  Journal of Electronics. Vol. 91, (10), 563-570.
• Gift, S.J.G. (2005). The Operational Conveyor and
  its Application in an Accurate Current Amplifier
  with Gain-Independent Bandwidth. International
  Journal of Electronics. Vol. 92, (1), 33-47.

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Instrumentation and Controls (continued)

• CONTROLS
• Maximising the profitability of our process
  industries through for example raising product
  throughput and readucing energy consumption are
  important for competitiveness. Research and
  development work focusses on developing concrete
  guidelines for engineers to tune and choose the
  appropriate controllers for our process and food
  industries.

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Examples of Controls

• Foley, M.W., Julien, R. H., and Copeland, B.
  (2005). A Comparison of PID Controller Tuning
  Methods. The Canadian Journal of Chemical
  Engineering. Vol. 83 (4) 712-722.
• Riverol, C. and Pilipovik, V. (2005). Tuning a
  space-time scalable PI controller using thermal
  parameters. Heat and Mass Transfer Journal, Vol.
  41, (5), 465-470.
• Foley, M.W., Ramharack, N.R. and Copeland, B.
  (2005). Comparison of PIC Controller Tuning
  Methods. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
  Research. Vol. 44 (17), 6741-6750.

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LAND TENURE AND USE, URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING

• Issues of land tenure and ownership, land use
  policy, urban and rural settlements, squatting
  and urban squalor are matters that are reflective
  of the wealth of nations. Settlements, towns and
  cities with their associated transportation
  systems in developed societies are characterised
  by the attention to details in their planning and
  growth and can serve as benchmarks for developing
  societies. Current research in the Faculty
  addresses some of these concerns.

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Examples of Land Tenure Use, Urban Rural
Planning

• Mohammed, A., and Balbosa-Phillip, A. (2005).
  Transportation in Port of Spain Socio-Spatial
  Segregation and Access to Downtown, in Bussiere,
  Y., (ed) Urban Transportation in Latin America
  and the Caribbean, FLASCO, Costa Rica. 167-201.
• Mohammed, A., (2004). Is there a Unique
  Caribbean Capital City Form? The Caribbean
  Architect, Vol. 3, (2), 86-87.
• Mycoo, M. (2005). Minimising Foreign Control of
  Land A Case Study of St. Lucia, Land Use Policy.
  Elsevier, UK Vol. 22, (4) 345-357
• Griffith-Charles, C. (2004). Trinidad We are
  not Squatters, We are Settlers in R. Home and H.
  Lim (eds) Demystifying the Mystery of Capital
  Land Tenure and Poverty in Africa and the
  Caribbean. London Glasshouse Press 99-120.

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ON THE STEELPAN

• Understanding the workings of our unique national
  instrument, the steelpan, is finally getting
  focussed attention in the Faculty. Understanding
  the acoustics of the pan, amplification
  techniques, as well as methods for its
  manufacture are all under investigation.

• Examples of current research are
• Copeland, B., Morrison, A., Rossing, T. (2005).
  Sound Radiation from Caribbean Steelpans.
  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
  Vol. 117, No 1, 375-383.
• Copeland, B. (2004). Steelpan Technology
  Research. Its implications on strategies for
  developing a local innovation culture. UWI/bpTT
  Distinguished Lecture Series. Trinidad

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CONCLUSION

• There is much happening in Research and
  Development in the Faculty of Engineering and in
  particular work that can lead to wealth
  production. This effort of staff and students
  needs to be intensified and sustained. The most
  important challenge however, is for our Research
  Development, like that of many other Faculties
  of the UWI, to be impacting on our societies.
  This can be demonstrated by new products,
  processes, and systems, or through public
  policies for example.

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Conclusion (continued)

• The key to achieving this may be to have very
  strong stakeholder involvement in our research,
  manifested by financial, technical and
  entrepreneurial support. This may facilitate
  rapid technological transfer, from University to
  Industry in particular. Building a forward
  looking reward system, for all involved,
  internally at the UWI, and nationally, will
  propel this change.

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Conclusion (continued)

• However we are attempting to create a change of
  values entrenched in our societies. Building more
  creative, innovative, entrepreneurial societies
  where indigenous wealth creation is rooted, will
  take some time. However do we have any options?

53
Acknowledgement

• I wish to thank my colleagues in the Faculty for
  supporting this effort and in particular
  Professor J. Akingbala and Dr. B. Ramlal for
  leading the team and also Professor K. F. Pun,
  Dr. W. G. Lewis, Dr. A. Kong, Dr. G. Shrivastava
  and Dr. A. C. Pilgrim for their contributions.

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THANK YOU.