JustinTime Lecture

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www.pitt.edu/super/
Just-in-Time Lecture Hurricane
Ali Ardalan, Ronald E. LaPorte,
Eugene Shubnikov,
Faina Linkov, Mehdi Russel Eric K. Noji
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What is the Disaster
Supercourse?
http//www.pitt.edu/super1
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Mission Statement The Global Health Network
Disaster, Network for Hurricane is designed to
translate the best possible scholarly information
from leading researchers to educators worldwide.
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What is a JIT lecture?
http//www.pitt.edu/super1
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Lecture objectives To provide the best p
ossible information about the science of
Hurricane To learn how the science can help
prepare us for primary secondary
prevention consequences of Hurricane
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Origin of the word Hurricane
Carib god Hurican was derived from Mayan god
'Hurakan', one of their creator gods, who blew
his breath across Chaotic water brought forth
dry land later destroyed men of wood with a
great storm and flood .
HURRICANE derived from Hurican,
the Carib god of evil !!
Glossary of Meteorology
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Hurricane at a glance! A tropical storm with 74
mph speed winds Hurricane winds blow in a larg
e spiral around a relative calm center k
nown as the Eye." The Eye" is generally 20
to 30 miles wide the storm may extend
outward 400 miles.
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Hurricane at a glance! A single hurricane can
last for 2 weeks over open
waters Peak months August September
Hurricane season 1st June-30th November
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Basic terminology in hurricanes
Sustained wind Long lasting wind, reporting b
ased on 1 min average time in Atlantic NE Pa
cific 10 min average time in rest of the world
Maximum sustained wind The highest 1 min Su
rface winds within system circulation
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Basic terminology in hurricanes
Gusts 3-5 seconds wind peak 20-25 1 min
sustained wind
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Basic terminology in hurricanes
Storm surge Onshore rush of sea or lake water
caused by the high winds associated with a l
and falling cyclone and secondarily by low pr
essure of the storm
Be careful Storm surge Storm tide are differe
nt !
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Hurricane Anatomy EYE Centre of a hurricane
characterized by a roughly circular area of l
ight winds rain-free skies lowest pressur
e Developed when the maximum sustained wind
speeds exceed 78 mph Ranged size 5-60 miles (20
miles in average) Shrinking the eye, intensifyi
ng the storm
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Hurricane Anatomy EYE WALL Organized band of
convection surrounding eye or the centre Co
ntains cumulonimbus clouds, severest thunderst
orms, heaviest precipitation and strongest win
ds
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Hurricane Anatomy Spiral rain bands Large ba
nds of clouds precipitation spiral
from the eye wall
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Hurricane Anatomy Moat Region between the eyew
all an outer rainband, such as a secondary
eyewall rainband Relatively light rain re
gion between rainband eyewall
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Environmental Condition for tropical cyclone
formation

• Warm ocean waters of at least 26.5 C (80 F)
• Warm, humid air
• Relatively moist layers near mid-troposphere (5
  km)
  
• Minimum distance of at least 500 km from equator

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Environmental Condition for tropical cyclone
formation

• Pre-existing near-surface disturbance with
  sufficient vorticity convergence
  
• Low values (less than 23 mph) of vertical wind
  shear between the surface the upper troposphere

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Sequence of Hurricane formation
Tropical Disturbance
1
Tropical Depression
2
Tropical Storm
3
Hurricane
4
4
3
1
2
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Hurricane term REGIONALLY specific names for a
strong
Tropical cyclone"
Tropical cyclones with max. sustained winds of
less than 39 mph with close circulation
Tropical Depression
Tropical Storm
Tropical cyclones with max. sustained winds of
39-73 mph
Hurricane Typhoon Severe tropical cyclon
e
Tropical cyclone
Tropical cyclones with sustained winds of 74 mph
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REGIONALLY names of Tropical cyclones with
winds of 74 mph
Hurricane N Atlantic Ocean, NE Pacific Ocean E
of dateline, or S Pacific Ocean E of 160E Ty
phoon
NW Pacific Ocean W of dateline
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REGIONALLY names of Tropical cyclones with
winds of 74 mph
Severe tropical cyclone SW Pacific Ocean W of 1
60E or SE Indian Ocean E of 90E Severe cyclon
ic storm The North Indian Ocean Tropical cyclon
e The Southwest
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More details about Hurricane formation (1)
Wind blows the clouds clockwise start pulling
up ocean water. Then the bottom water moves coun
terclockwise.
Air sinks into the centre (the eye).
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More details about Hurricane formation (2)
Wind spins around the eye, where hurricane is the
strongest.
As the wind flows higher it becomes weaker and
flows clockwise.
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Hurricane death A mature hurricane is a wel
l-oiled meteorological machine, but disruptio
n of the processes that drive storm (interact
ion with land or colder air feeding in) will
begin to destroy storm, the disintegration
of a hurricane is quick dramatic.
Important death factors Westerly winds G
oing over land as there is warm water
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Cape Verde-type hurricanes Atlantic basin tro
pical cyclones fairly close ( Verde Islands then become hurricanes before
reaching Caribbean Typical months August Se
ptember Frequency Ranged 0-5, with an average
of 2
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Hurricane/Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scales
Atlantic hurricanes ranking (Saffir-Simpson h
urricane intensity scale) Australian tro
pical cyclones ranking
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Saffir-Simpson hurricane intensity scale
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Australian tropical cyclones ranking
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Factors contributing in hurricane damages
Distance from zone of maximum winds How
exposed the location is Building standards V
egetation type Resultant flooding
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Major hurricane Intense hurricane
Max. sustained surface winds At least 111 mph
Category 3,4 and 5 on Saffir-Simpson
scale Cause 83 of damages in the USA even
though account for only 21 of tropical
cyclone landfalls
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HURRICANE WARNING Added to a hurricane advis
ory that sustained winds of 74 mph associated
with a hurricane are expected in a specified c
oastal area within 24 h. Can remain in effe
ct when dangerously high water or
a combination of dangerously high water
exceptionally high waves continue, even though
winds may be less than hurricane force.
Is used to inform the public and marine interests
of the storm's location, intensity, and movem
ent.
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HURRICANE WATCH An announcement added to a hur
ricane advisory that hurricane conditions pos
e a possible threat to a specified coastal ar
ea within 36 hours. Is used to inform th
e public and marine interests of the storm's
location, intensity, movement.
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Subtropical cyclone Low-pressure system in tr
opical or subtropical latitudes cyclones
Radius of max. winds farther out (on order of
60-125 miles from the centre) than what is obse
rved for purely tropical systems
Max. sustained winds no stronger than 74 mph
Classified by max. sustained surface winds
38 mph Subtropical storm
Transform to tropical cyclones in many times
then Hurricane, like Hurricane Florence, Nov 1994
!
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USGS
Slide Dr. Tom Songer
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Hurricane direct related health hazard
High winds
Storm surge
Flooding
Tornados

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Hurricane direct related health hazard High
Winds
Energy of winds wind velocity squared (E V2)
2 times wind speed 4 times destructive energ
y

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Hurricane direct related health hazard High
Winds
Intensity of a landfalling hurricane is
expressed in terms of categories that relate
wind speeds potential damage
(Saffir-Simpson Scale) Category 4 hurricane
(131-155 mph winds) causes 100 times damage of
Category 1 storm!

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Hurricane direct related health hazard
Rainfall Flooding
Responsible for 59 of the deaths associated
with tropical cyclones in the US Intense r
ainfall is not directly related to
wind speed. Some of the greatest rainfall
amounts occur from weaker storms that
drift slowly or stall over an area.
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Hurricane direct related health hazard
Rainfall Flooding NHC Preventive
recommendations
When you hear hurricane, think inland flooding
Determine whether you live in a potential flood
zone If advised to evacuate, do so immediately
Keep abreast of road conditions through the news
media Move to a safe area before access is cut
off by flood water Do not attempt to cross flowi
ng water. As little as 6 inches
of water may cause you to lose control of your
vehicle Develop a flood emergency action plan
Have flood insurance
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Hurricane direct related health hazard
Storm Surge
50 - 100 miles wide 4 - 6 feet for a minimal
hurricane to
20 feet for the stronger ones

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Hurricane direct related health hazard Tornado
More intense hurricane, greater tornado threat
10 of hurricane related death in the US
Mostly within 24 hours after
hurricane landfall Mostly within 150 miles
of the coastline

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Hurricane direct related health hazard Tornado
Occurrence during morning afternoon rather
than evening or night due to need for heat
source The Gulf of Mexico hurricanes produce mor
e tornadoes than Atlantic storms Mostly occ
ur within 30 miles of center of cyclone
Can reach up to 300 mph at a forward speed
of 60 mph and are usually 100-300 yards wide

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Hurricane History of death economical damages
1990-2003
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Hurricane Preparedness, Before Hurricane Season
Stars (8 points) 1) Plan an evacuation route C
ontact the local emergency management office or
Red Cross chapter, ask for the community
hurricane preparedness plan, including
information on the safest evacuation routes
nearby shelters. 2) Learn safe routes inland B
e ready to drive 20 to 50 miles inland to locate
a safe place. Have disaster supplies on hand F
lashlight extra batteries, Portable,
battery-operated radio extra batteries, First
aid kit manual, Emergency food water,
Non-electric can opener, Essential medicines,
Cash credit cards, Sturdy shoes.
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Hurricane Preparedness, Before Hurricane Season
Stars (8 points) 3) Make arrangements for pets
Pets may not be allowed into emergency shelters
for health space reasons, so contact your
local humane society for information on local
animal shelters 4) Make sure that all family memb
ers know how to respond after a hurricane
Teach family members how when to turn off gas,
electricity, water Teach children how when
to call police, or fire department which radio
station to tune to for emergency information
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Hurricane Preparedness, Before Hurricane Season
Stars (8 points) 5) Protect your windows Perma
nent shutters are the best protection. A
lower-cost approach is to put up plywood panels.
Use 1/2 inch plywood - marine plywood is best -
cut to fit each window. Remember to mark which
board fits which window. Pre-drill holes every
18 inches for screws. Do this long before the
storm 6) Trim back dead or weak branches from tre
es.7) Check into insurance
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Hurricane Preparedness, Before Hurricane Season
Stars (8 points) 8) Develop an emergency communi
cation plan. In case family members are separat
ed from one another during a disaster (a real
possibility during the day when adults are at
work children are at school), have a plan for
getting back together. Ask an out-of-state rela
tive or friend to serve as the "family contact."
After a disaster, it's often easier to call long
distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows
the name, address, and phone number of the
contact person.
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Make sure you are prepared!
http//www.fema.gov/hazards/hurricanes/whatshouldi
do.shtmbefore
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References
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valuable materials.