Linear accelerator in medicine

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Linear accelerator in medicine

• XR Tubes
• Particles Accelerators
• Betatron
• Cyclotron
• Synchrocyclotron
• Synchrotron
• Linear accelerator

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Medical Linear accelerator

• Photon Beam (X-Ray)
• 4 MV To 22 MV.
• Single Beam.
• Duel Beams
• Electron Beam
• Multi-Beams with energy grope between 4- 22 MeV.

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Linac Linear accelerator

• The linear accelerator is a device that uses
  high-frequency electromagnetic waves to
  accelerate charged particles such as electrons to
  high energies through a linear tube.
• There are several types of linear accelerator
  designs, but the ones used in radiotherapy
  accelerate electrons either by traveling or
  stationary electromagnetic waves of frequency in
  microwave region ( 3000 megacycles/sec).

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The difference between traveling wave and
stationary wave accelerators is
the design of the accelerator structure
Functionally
the traveling wave structures require a
terminating, or "dummy", load in order to absorb
the residual power at the end of the structure,
the standing wave structures provide maximum
reflection of the waves at both ends of the
structure
thus preventing a backward reflected wave
the combination of forward and reverse traveling
waves will give rise to stationary waves.
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Medical Linear accelerator
A block diagram of typical medical Linear
Accelerator
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The major components of medical Linear Accelerator

• Power Supply
• Modulator
• Magnetron Or Klystron
• Electron Gun
• Wave Guide system
• Accelerator Tube
• Bending Magnet
• Treatment Head (Straight Beam)
• Treatment Head (Bent Beam)

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Modulator
Electron Gun
Flatining Filter
Cros Section of Accelerator tube
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Modulator
Deliver the pulses to
the electron gun
the magnetron or klystron
electrons
Pulsed microwaves
the accelerator tube or structure via a
waveguide systems.
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Linear accelerator

• 4 Groups
• The accelerator
• The table
• The collimator multilames
• Portale Imaging

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Electron Gun
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Varian
Elekta
Siemens