Chapter 7- Energy from Fossil Fuels

1
Chapter 7- Energy from Fossil Fuels

• Oil Distribution, Politics and Spills
• Natural Gas
• Coal

2
Energy in the News

• The Political Price of Mid-Eastern Oil

3
Fossil Fuels The Major Energy Source
90 of commercial energy resources come from
fossil fuels Reserves proven reserves,
indicated reserves, inferred reserves Resources
total amount of the fossil fuel in the world.
How do you define reserves vs resources? Some
states tax reserves better to underestimate them
for tax purposes
4
World Oil Reserves
Who has the most proven oil reserves? Brownrest
of world, OrangeUSAWestern countries,
BlueFormer Soviet Union, Green OPEC
5
King Huppert Oil Depletion Curve
If price goes up, When is half of The oil
gone? If price stays low, When is half of the
Oil gone?
6
World Oil and Gas Production
Conventional production Methods, when is half of
the oil and gas gone? Non conventional
production methods, when is half of the oil and
gas gone? What does this tell you About your old
age?
7
World Oil Production by Region
Where is the most Oil produced?
8
Oil Consumption
Who consumes the most Per capita? Why?
9
Another Way to Look at It
10
Distribution of USA Oil Use
Which sector Uses the most oil? Why is there a
hump In the curve?
11
Distillation of Crude Oil
12
Products of Oil Distillation
13
Simple Distillation vs Refinery Yield
How are the refinery yields different? What is
there more of? Why are the refinery yields
different? (What is the incentive for
the Difference in yields?)
14
Politics of Oil Pipelines
Tengiz in Kazachstan Largest old field found In
the last 10 years. Why would Russia not Support
this pipeline? Bosporus (fault, tankers) (James
Bond movie)
15
Structural Traps
What type of structural trap is This? 3 major
types of structural Traps Need permeability
and Porosity as well as structural Traps.
(impact craters Hydrofracturing)
16
Hazards of Oil Production
Oil Spills Exxon Valdez (fragility of cold
environments0 Largest oil spill during Persian
Gulf War Pumping out tanks Beaches in Italy
with petroleum balls
17
Primary Recovery
Recovery range 1/5 to 1/3 of the Oil. Pump more
slowly And get more oil Why? Think
about Architecture of Oil storage
18
Secondary Recovery
Two methods Water and Gas Injection
19
Tertiary Recovery
Recovers up to 50 of original oil with
secondary And primary recovery
20
End Uses of Natural Gas in USA
21
Natural Gas Use Since 1930
22
Where Natural Gas is Found
Natural Gas forms From breakdown of Oil at high
temperatures Associated gas with
Oil Unassociated gas Without oil Deep earth
gas hypothesis (Tom Gold)
23
Pipelines for Natural Gas
What States produce The most Natural gas? How
can You tell from This picture?
24
Global Coal Reserves
What four regions have the most coal?
25
Types of Coal and Energy Content
26
US Coal Consumption by Sector
What sector consumes the Most coal? How does
this Contrast with the distribution Of gas and
oil use?
27
Coal Deposits of the USA
Based on Btu yield Per unit weight, Which are
the Most valuable coal Deposits?
28
Coal Strip Mining Shovel
How big is this Shovel? (Look at trucks Beneath
the shovel) (Pennsylvania RT 80)
29
Petrochemicals in Everyday Life
Alarm clock coated chips Perfume aromatic
hydrocarbons Sheets formaldehyde in
non-wrinkling sheets Gargle Listerine has a
relative of phenol Toothpaste contains benzene,
chloroform, glycerol Shampoo mineral oil is from
petroleum Aspirin derived from
phenol Antiseptics petroleum derivatives Muffin
fertilizer, propylene glycol preserves moistness
30
(No Transcript)