Exercise Science

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Exercise Science

• Exercise Physiology

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Exercise Physiology

• Exercise Physiology the physiological responses
  that occur in the body during exercise. We will
  also discuss how these responses can be
  manipulated and trained to elicit desired results
  and benefits

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Exercise Physiology

• Exercise Principles
• Consistency - (most important)
• Progression
• Overload
• Specificity
• Reversibility

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Exercise Physiology

• Components of Health Related Fitness
• Cardiorespiratory

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Exercise Physiology

• Muscular Strength

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Exercise Physiology

• Muscular Endurance (conditioning)

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Exercise Physiology

• Flexibility

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Exercise Physiology

• Body Composition

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Exercise Physiology

• Balance

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Exercise Physiology

• Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
• Components of Cardiorespiratory System
• Heart
• Lungs
• Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
• Blood
• Cardiac Cycle
• Systole
• Diastole

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Exercise Physiology

• Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
• Vocabulary
• Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR)
• Stroke Volume
• Cardiac Output (SV x HR CO)
• Ejection Fraction
• Ischemia
• Angina Pectoris (heart)
• Myocardial Infarction (heart)
• Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) Stroke

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Exercise Physiology

• General Training Effects (CV)
• VO2max Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2
• Lungs External, Internal Cellular respiration
• Heart SV, HR, CO, EF
• Metabolism
• Anaerobic Metabolism the productions of energy
  within the body in the absence of O2
• Aerobic Metabolism the production of energy
  within the body in the presence of O2

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Exercise Physiology

• Fuel Sources
• Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized
• Glycogen stored form of glucose
• Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense
• Protein (4Kcals/g)

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Exercise Physiology
Anaerobic Metabolism
(-O2)
Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
O2
Energy (2 ATP)
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Aerobic Metabolism
Anaerobic Metabolism
O2
-O2
Inside Mitochondria
Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
O2
(waste)
Energy (2 ATP)
ENERGY (36 ATP)
Beta Oxidation (Fat Metabolism)
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Exercise Physiology

• Mechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory
  System due to Aerobic Activity
• Increase Lung Function
• Increase ability of external respiration
• Increase ability of internal respiration
• Increase ability of cellular respiration
• Increase Cardiac Efficiency
• Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload
• Increase Stroke Volume
• Increase Ejection Fraction
• Increase Cardiac Output
• Increase Capillarization
• Increase VO2 Max

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Exercise Physiology

• Physiological Adaptations to the
  Cardiorespiratory System due to Aerobic Activity
• Increase ability of cellular respiration
• Increase quantity of Anaerobic Aerobic enzymes
• Increase glycogen storage
• Increase accessibility to glucose
• Increase fat utilization
• Decrease the production rate of lactic acid
• Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic
  threshold)
• Increase Mitochondria density ( Size)
• Increase VO2 Max

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Exercise Physiology

• Metabolic Equivalent 3.5ml/kg/min
• F. I. T. T. Principle
• Frequency
• Intensity
• Type
• Time

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Exercise Physiology

• Cardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items
• Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity
• Effects of Environment
• Altitude
• Heat
• Cold

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Exercise Physiology

• Skeletal Muscle Anatomy Physiology

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Exercise Physiology

• Necessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
• Nervous Impulse
• Energy (ATP)
• O2 (if sustained)

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Exercise Physiology

• Sliding Filament Theory

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Exercise Physiology

• Sliding Filament Theory Cont

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Exercise Physiology

• Muscle Contraction ALL or NOTHING
• Force Generation of Muscular Contraction
• Muscle Size
• of Contracting Fibers
• Motor Unit Recruitment
• Length Tension Relationship
• Isometric Contraction
• Isotonic
• Concentric
• Eccentric
• Isokinetic

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Exercise Physiology

• Muscle Fiber Type
• Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative
  Fibers)
• Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic
  Fibers)
• Fiber Distribution Genetic? Or Trainable?
• Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia
• Hypertrophy increase in muscle fiber size
• Hyperplasia increase in of muscle fibers

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Exercise Physiology

• Mechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to
  Resistive Training
• Increase Cross-sectional area
• Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle Connective
  Tissue
• Increase Motor Unit recruitment
• Decrease Nervous Inhibition
• Increase Neural Control
• Decrease Repair Time

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Exercise Physiology

• Physiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to
  Resistive Training
• Increased Actin Myosin
• Increased of Cross-Bridges
• Decrease Nervous Inhibition
• Increased Anaerobic Enzymes
• Increased Mitochondrial Density ( size)
• Increased Anaerobic Threshold

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Exercise Physiology

• Golgi Tendon Organ
• Sensor Prevents too much force production

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Exercise Physiology

• Musculotendonis Unit

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Exercise Physiology

• Muscle Sorness
• Immediate Onset
• Delayed Muscle Soreness