The Road to Revolution

1
The Road to Revolution (1770-1776)
Edited from Susan Pojer
2
Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
3
When it comes to the Revolution, it could be said
that the American colonists were

• Eagar revolutionaries
• Up until the end wanting more than the rights of
  Englishmen
• Little concerned about economics
• Clearly opposed to tightening commercial bonds to
  the British
• Reluctant revolutionaries

Robber Barrons Question
4
When it comes to the Revolution, it could be said
that the American colonists were

• Eagar revolutionaries
• Up until the end wanting more than the rights of
  Englishmen
• Little concerned about economics
• Clearly opposed to tightening commercial bonds to
  the British
• Reluctant revolutionaries

Robber Barrons Question
5
Mercantilists believed that

• A nation needed to import more goods than it
  exported
• Power came from a small colonial empire
• The mother country produced raw materials and
  colonies produced the finished product
• A countrys economic wealth could be measured by
  the amount of gold and silver in its treasury
• Colonies drained a country of its resources

Rough Riders Question
6
Mercantilists believed that

• A nation needed to import more goods than it
  exported
• Power came from a small colonial empire
• The mother country produced raw materials and
  colonies produced the finished product
• A countrys economic wealth could be measured by
  the amount of gold and silver in its treasury
• Colonies drained a country of its resources

Rough Riders Question
7
Before 1763, the Navigation laws

• Were very effective
• Hurt Great Britain more than the American
  colonies
• Were a great burden to only India
• Discouraged smuggling by American colonial
  merchants
• Were only loosely enforced in the American
  colonies

Robber Barrons Question
8
Before 1763, the Navigation laws

• Were very effective
• Hurt Great Britain more than the American
  colonies
• Were a great burden to only India
• Discouraged smuggling by American colonial
  merchants
• Were only loosely enforced in the American
  colonies

Robber Barrons Question
9
Proclamation of 1763

• All lands west of the Appalachians reserved for
  Indians
• British Reason
• To stop conflict between the Colonists and the
  Indians and save them
• Colonial Reaction
• Frustrated and thought this was an attempt to
  limit freedom

Discussion Question 1
10
The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

• Oppress the colonists
• Punish the Indians
• Show the power of Parliament
• Allow western settlement by the colonists
• Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem

Rough Riders Question
11
The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

• Oppress the colonists
• Punish the Indians
• Show the power of Parliament
• Allow western settlement by the colonists
• Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem

Rough Riders Question
12
In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

• American colonists obeyed the law they hated
• Relations with France improved
• Relations between the American colonies and the
  British government improved
• The American colonies believed their destiny had
  been destroyed
• American colonists moved west, defying the
  Proclamation

Robber Barrons Question
13
In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

• American colonists obeyed the law they hated
• Relations with France improved
• Relations between the American colonies and the
  British government improved
• The American colonies believed their destiny had
  been destroyed
• American colonists moved west, defying the
  Proclamation

Robber Barrons Question
14
Currency Act 1764

• Colonist forbidden to make paper money legal
  tender
• British Reason
• British merchants worried about the loss of value
  of Virginias paper money. All taxes were to be
  paid in specie
• Colonial Reaction
• Specie would leave the colonies to pay the troops
  (form of taxes). Colonists would be left without
  money. They resorted to the barter system to
  bypass the law

Discussion Question 9
15
Sugar Act 1764

• Decreased duty on imported molasses in an attempt
  to stop bribes put new taxes on indigo, sugar,
  coffee, wine and textiles.
• Violators tried in admiralty courts not local
  courts
• British Reason
• Raise revenue for defraying the expenses of
  defending, protecting, and securing -Grenville
• Colonial Reaction
• FURIOUS! How dare they?

Discussion Question 7
16
Quartering Act 1765

• Colonists must supply British troops with living
  quarters, bedding, food, beer, cider and rum.
• British Reason
• Most soldiers quartered in public buildings, but
  when away from cities would need to be in private
  homes.
• Colonial Reaction
• Most refused to comply

Discussion Question 10
17
Stamp Act 1765

• Required stamp tax on all legal documents,
  newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, dice, and
  all other printed material.
• Violators tried by Admiralty Courts.
• British Reason
• To raise revenue
• Colonial Reaction
• Colonists burned tax collectors in effigy and
  tarred and feathered them

Discussion Question 11
18
Tar and Feathering
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The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

• Raise money to support new military forces needed
  for colonial defense
• Punish the American colonists
• Reduce the number of printed documents in America
• Enable tax collectors to become wealthy
• Raise taxes to a higher level than in Britain

Rough Riders Question
20
The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

• Raise money to support new military forces needed
  for colonial defense
• Punish the American colonists
• Reduce the number of printed documents in America
• Enable tax collectors to become wealthy
• Raise taxes to a higher level than in Britain

Rough Riders Question
21
The first law ever passed by Parliament for
raising tax revenues in the colonies for the
crown was the

• Stamp Act
• Declaratory Act
• Townshend Act
• Quartering Act
• Sugar Act

Robber Barrons Question
22
The first law ever passed by Parliament for
raising tax revenues in the colonies for the
crown was the

• Stamp Act
• Declaratory Act
• Townshend Act
• Quartering Act
• Sugar Act

Robber Barrons Question
23
Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions

• VA House of Burgesses passed a resolution stating
  only THEY had the right to tax Virginians.
• Colonial Reason
• First colonial legislature to stand up to
  Britain. Introduced by Patrick Henry.
• Colonial Reaction
• The colonists were happy, for the first time I
  think!
• TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

Discussion Question 12
24
Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

• It was a very expensive tax
• They believed it could not be repealed
• Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists
• They opposed all taxes
• They wanted their independence

Rough Riders Question
25
Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

• It was a very expensive tax
• They believed it could not be repealed
• Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists
• They opposed all taxes
• They wanted their independence

Rough Riders Question
26
Colonial protest against the Stamp Act took the
form of

• Convening a colonial congress to request repeal
  of the act
• A colonial boycott against British goods
• Violence in several colonial towns
• Wearing homemade woolen clothes
• All of the above

Robber Barrons Question
27
Colonial protest against the Stamp Act took the
form of

• Convening a colonial congress to request repeal
  of the act
• A colonial boycott against British goods
• Violence in several colonial towns
• Wearing homemade woolen clothes
• All of the above

Robber Barrons Question
28
Sons of Liberty Organized 1765

• Patriotic organization led by Samuel Adams. Main
  purpose to demonstrate against Stamp Act. They
  refused to do any business requiring stamps
• Colonial Reaction
• Many agreed with the Sons of Liberty, but a large
  number felt they were too radical

29
Stamp Act Congress 1765

• Representatives from nine colonies meet to
  discuss action. GA, NC, VA, NH did not send
  delegates.
• Colonial Reason
• To condemn the Stamp tax and define virtual
  representation
• Colonial Reaction
• Many colonies agreed not to import any British
  goods until the Stamp Tax was repealed

Discussion Question 13
30
Stamp Act Repealed 1766

• Repealed the stamp tax
• British Reason
• In response to the colonial protest, violence,
  the nonimportation agreements and most of all
  avoidance of a civil war in the colonies
• Colonial Reaction
• The colonists are happy again. Well, at least for
  a moment

Discussion Question 14
31
1766 Declaratory Act

• Parliament affirms that it has the right and the
  power to make laws that bind the colonies in ALL
  cases. Smartly, they left out the word TAX
• British Reason
• A face saving response to the repeal of the
  Stamp Tax. (however, the British still thought
  they had the right to tax). HUM?
• Colonial Reaction
• Colonists agreed that Parliament had the right to
  pass laws, but not tax. No one seemed to
  understand that this was all based on
  misunderstanding of the difference in external
  and internal taxes.

Discussion Question 15 16
32
Townsend Acts 1767

• Taxed paint, lead, glass, paper, and tea. Customs
  officials could search private buildings at any
  time. Accused tried without Jury. Suspended the
  NY assembly because Quartering Act was not being
  followed.
• British Reason
• Townsend had a hard line policy towards the
  colonists and planned force them to comply
• Colonial Reaction
• Colonists felt these acts violated all the rights
  they had as Englishment and boycotted all taxed
  goods.

Discussion Question 17 18
33
As a result of American opposition to the
Townshend Acts,

• British officials sent regiments of troops to
  Boston to restore law and order
• The port of Boston was closed
• Americans killed several British soldiers in the
  Boston Massacre
• Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under
  this legislation
• Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign

Rough Riders Question
34
As a result of American opposition to the
Townshend Acts,

• British officials sent regiments of troops to
  Boston to restore law and order
• The port of Boston was closed
• Americans killed several British soldiers in the
  Boston Massacre
• Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under
  this legislation
• Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign

Stopped here
Rough Riders Question
35
The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend
Acts were repealed because

• People loved tea
• The money was needed to support troops
• It kept alive the principle of parliamentary
  taxation
• It was the only tax passed by the colonists
• Colonial governors requested it

Robber Barrons Question
36
The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend
Acts were repealed because

• People loved tea
• The money was needed to support troops
• It kept alive the principle of parliamentary
  taxation
• It was the only tax passed by the colonists
• Colonial governors requested it

Robber Barrons Question
37
The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
38
1770 Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770 a group of colonists were taunting
  and throwing snowballs at British soldiers. Shots
  were fired and 5 were killed, 6 wounded.
• Colonial Reaction
• Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty fueled the
  propaganda machine and proclaimed this a
  Massacre. The colonists were minding their own
  business and were fired upon. However the truth
  is much different

Discussion Question 22
39
1770 Repeal of the Townshend Acts

• Lord North, first lord of the Treasury urges
  Parliament to repeal all taxes except tax on tea
• Colonial Reaction
• Colonists were still resentful.
• The tea tax was a slap in the face

40
The Gaspee Incident (1772)
2 years of peace down the drain!
Providence, RI coast
41
The Gaspee Incident (1772)

• The Gaspee was a British Royal Navy ship assigned
  to customs duty.
• would regularly stop merchant ships to examine
  their cargo looking for illegal goods
• The Gaspee ran aground in Narragansett Bay, near
  Providence.
• a group of men boarded the Gaspee and set the
  ship on fire.
• No one came forward, and no one was ever charged
  for the offence.
• British Reaction
• The British began to directly pay the governors'
  salary, rather than being paid by the colonies.
• Colonial Reaction
• The colonies saw this as another step to put them
  under British control, and to eliminate their
  freedoms.

42
Committees of Correspondence
Purpose ? warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Britain ?
broaden the resistance movement. Many
colonists got involved, but just like
today, many didnt care!
Discussion Question 23
43
Committees of Correspondence
Impact ? The Albany Plan of 1754 introduced the
idea, but with the the tea duty standing as a
symbol of Parliaments right to tax the
colonies ? Unity was the only recourse
Discussion Question 23
44
The local committees of correspondence organized
by Samuel Adams

• Promoted his bid to become governor of
  Massachusetts
• Promoted independent action in each colony to
  support the British
• Kept opposition to the British alive, through
  exchange of propaganda
• Served as a precursor to the United States Postal
  Service
• Led the Boston Massacre

Rough Riders Question
45
The local committees of correspondence organized
by Samuel Adams

• Promoted his bid to become governor of
  Massachusetts
• Promoted independent action in each colony to
  support the British
• Kept opposition to the British alive, through
  exchange of propaganda
• Served as a precursor to the United States Postal
  Service
• Led the Boston Massacre

Rough Riders Question
46
Virtual representation meant that

• Almost all British subjects were represented in
  Parliament
• Every member of Parliament represented all
  British subjects
• Colonists could elect their own representatives
  to Parliament
• Parliament could pass virtually all types of
  legislation except taxes
• Each member of Parliament represented only people
  in his district

Robber Barrons Question
47
Virtual representation meant that

• Almost all British subjects were represented in
  Parliament
• Every member of Parliament represented all
  British subjects
• Colonists could elect their own representatives
  to Parliament
• Parliament could pass virtually all types of
  legislation except taxes
• Each member of Parliament represented only people
  in his district

Robber Barrons Question
48
Tea Act (1773)

• British East India Co.
• Monopoly on British tea imports.
• Many members of Parliament held shares.
• Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to cols.
  without col. middlemen (cheaper tea!)
• North expected the cols. to eagerly choose the
  cheaper tea.

49
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists

• Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted
  the American definition of representation
• Suspected that it was a trick to get them to
  violate their principle of No taxation without
  representation
• Immediately called the First Continental Congress
  into session
• Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea
  directly from the British East India Company
• Gave up tea and turned to coffee

Rough Riders Question
50
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists

• Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted
  the American definition of representation
• Suspected that it was a trick to get them to
  violate their principle of No taxation without
  representation
• Immediately called the First Continental Congress
  into session
• Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea
  directly from the British East India Company
• Gave up tea and turned to coffee

Rough Riders Question
51
Boston Tea Party (1773)
52
1773 Boston Tea Party

• Colonists dressed as Indians, boarded 3 ships in
  Boston Harbor and dumped the tea.
• This was the colonists reaction to the order that
  ships could not leave until the cheap tea was
  unloaded.
• Ever wonder why a country of Englishmen would
  become a country of coffee drinkers?

53
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

• An isolated incident
• Directed only at the British East India company
• Not the only such protest to occur
• Supported by friends of America in Britain
• The result of the Intolerable Acts

Robber Barrons Question
54
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

• An isolated incident
• Directed only at the British East India company
• Not the only such protest to occur
• Supported by friends of America in Britain
• The result of the Intolerable Acts

Robber Barrons Question
55
The Coercive or IntolerableActs (1774)
1. Boston harbor closed until tea paid for
2. Massachusetts constitution changed increasing
governors power and banning town meetings
3. New Quartering Act all troops will be
quartered in town
4. Administration of Justice Act British
soldiers and government officials will be tried
in Britain
Lord North
56
The Suffolk Resolves 1774

• Denounced Intolerable Acts and ignored punitive
  actions on Massachusetts after the Boston Tea
  Party
• Encouraged making their own militia
• Encouraged the boycott of British goods
• Delivered to the First Continental Congress by
  Paul Revere
• For the first time, Americans must prepare for
  war, first time that three-letter word was used
• The militancy in Massachusetts in arming
  citizen-soldiers against the British is
  solidified
• Massachusetts made an attempt at a militia, which
  fought at Lexington and Concord

Hint took up where the Virginia Resolves left
off after the Stamp Act.
57
The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts
were

• Quartering Act
• Quebec Act
• Sugar Act
• Courts Act
• Boston Port Act

Rough Riders Question
58
The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts
were

• Quartering Act
• Quebec Act
• Sugar Act
• Courts Act
• Boston Port Act

Rough Riders Question
59
The Quebec Act (1774)
60
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the
American colonies because it did all of the
following except

• Turn an extensive amount of territory over to
  Catholic control
• Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts
• Deny the French the right to retain many of their
  old customs
• Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area
  snatched from their grasp
• It denied Quebec a representative assembly

Robber Barrons Question
61
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the
American colonies because it did all of the
following except

• Turn an extensive amount of territory over to
  Catholic control
• Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts
• Deny the French the right to retain many of their
  old customs
• Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area
  snatched from their grasp
• It denied Quebec a representative assembly

Robber Barrons Question
62
First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda ? How to respond to the Coercive Acts
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony represented.
Discussion Question 1
63
The First Continental Congress was called in
order to

• Consider ways of redressing colonial grievances
• Become a legislative body
• Write the Declaration of Independence
• Decide which of Parliaments taxes the colonies
  would and would not pay
• Help implement provisions of the Quebec Act

Rough Riders Question
64
The First Continental Congress was called in
order to

• Consider ways of redressing colonial grievances
• Become a legislative body
• Write the Declaration of Independence
• Decide which of Parliaments taxes the colonies
  would and would not pay
• Help implement provisions of the Quebec Act

Rough Riders Question
65
The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere William Dawes make their midnight
ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British
soldiers.
66
The Shot Heard Round the World!
Discussion Question 2
Lexington Concord April 18,1775
67
The Second Continental Congress(1775)
Discussion Question 3
Olive Branch Petition
Discussion Question 4
68
When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775

• Its members felt a strong desire for independence
• It cut off communications with the British
  government
• It continued to stall on the creation of a navy
• It resolved to keep fighting in the hope that the
  British would redress the colonists grievances
• The conservative element was weakened

Robber Barrons Question
69
When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775

• Its members felt a strong desire for independence
• It cut off communications with the British
  government
• It continued to stall on the creation of a navy
• It resolved to keep fighting in the hope that the
  British would redress the colonists grievances
• The conservative element was weakened

Robber Barrons Question
70
Perhaps the most important single action of the
Second Continental Congress was to

• Select George Washington to head the army
• Draft new appeals to the king
• Adopt measures to raise money
• Postpone an immediate demand for independence
• Support independence

Rough Riders Question
71
Perhaps the most important single action of the
Second Continental Congress was to

• Select George Washington to head the army
• Draft new appeals to the king
• Adopt measures to raise money
• Postpone an immediate demand for independence
• Support independence

Rough Riders Question
72
The Olive Branch Petition

• Was passed by Parliament
• Was an expression of King George IIIs desire for
  peace
• Promised no treason charges if colonists stopped
  fighting
• Was an attempt by the colonists to gain support
  of Native Americans
• Professed American loyalty to the Crown

Robber Barrons Question
73
The Olive Branch Petition

• Was passed by Parliament
• Was an expression of King George IIIs desire for
  peace
• Promised no treason charges if colonists stopped
  fighting
• Was an attempt by the colonists to gain support
  of Native Americans
• Professed American loyalty to the Crown

Robber Barrons Question
74
Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
75
Thomas Paine Common Sense
ST6ED HERE Discussion Question 4
76
Thomas Paine argued that all government officials

• Were corrupt
• Should derive their authority from popular
  consent
• Should be part of a natural aristocracy
• Need not listen to the voice of the uneducated
• Should not be paid for their service

Rough Riders question
77
Thomas Paine argued that all government officials

• Were corrupt
• Should derive their authority from popular
  consent
• Should be part of a natural aristocracy
• Need not listen to the voice of the uneducated
• Should not be paid for their service

Rough Riders question
78
Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense

• Was published before any fighting took place
  between the colonists and the British
• Remained unpopular for several years before being
  accepted by the public
• Called for a democratic republic
• Called on the British people to overthrow the
  King
• Led to Paines arrest

Robber Barrons Question
79
Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense

• Was published before any fighting took place
  between the colonists and the British
• Remained unpopular for several years before being
  accepted by the public
• Called for a democratic republic
• Called on the British people to overthrow the
  King
• Led to Paines arrest

Robber Barrons Question
80
Declaration of Independence (1776)
Discussion Question 5
81
The Declaration of Independence did all of the
following except

• Invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify
  revolt
• Catalog the tyrannical actions of King George III
• Argue that royal tyranny justified revolt
• Blame the colonies problems on the British
  Parliament
• Condemn the abolition of valued law

Rough Riders Question
82
The Declaration of Independence did all of the
following except

• Invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify
  revolt
• Catalog the tyrannical actions of King George III
• Argue that royal tyranny justified revolt
• Blame the colonies problems on the British
  Parliament
• Condemn the abolition of valued law

Rough Riders Question
83
Declaration of Independence
84
Independence Hall
85
New National Symbols
86
The American Revolution 1775-1783
87
On the Eve of the Revolution ?
88
Loyalist Strongholds
89
Washingtons Headaches

• Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war
  for independence the other third were Loyalists,
  and the final third were neutral.
• State/colony loyalties.
• Congress couldnt tax to raise money for the
  Continental Army.
• Poor training until the arrival of Baron von
  Steuben.

90
Exports Imports 1768-1783
91
Military Strategies
The Americans
The British

• Attrition the Brits had a long supply line.
• Guerilla tactics fight an insurgent war ? you
  dont have to win a battle, just wear the British
  down
• Make an alliance with one of Britains enemies.

• Break the colonies in half by getting between the
  No. the So.
• Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods
  and supplies from an ally.
• Divide and Conquer ? use the Loyalists.

92
Phase I The Northern Campaign1775-1776
93
Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40 casualties.
94
King George III officially declared the colonies
in rebellion just after

• The armed class at Lexington and Concord
• The First Continental Congress convened
• The Battle of Bunker Hill
• Benedict Arnolds forces captured Ticonderoga
  and Crown Point
• Hiring Hessian soldiers to fight in America

Robber Barrons Question
95
King George III officially declared the colonies
in rebellion just after

• The armed class at Lexington and Concord
• The First Continental Congress convened
• The Battle of Bunker Hill
• Benedict Arnolds forces captured Ticonderoga
  and Crown Point
• Hiring Hessian soldiers to fight in America

Robber Barrons Question
96
Phase II NY PA1777-1778
97
New York City in Flames(1776)
98
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
99
Saratoga Turning Point of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment
Discussion Question 8
100
After the humiliating defeat at Saratoga in 1777,
the British Parliament

• Elected a new prime minister
• Rejected an American peace offer
• Asked the French to join their cause
• Passed a bill that offered Americans home rule
• Replaced their entire officer corps in America

Rough Riders Question
101
After the humiliating defeat at Saratoga in 1777,
the British Parliament

• Elected a new prime minister
• Rejected an American peace offer
• Asked the French to join their cause
• Passed a bill that offered Americans home rule
• Replaced their entire officer corps in America

Rough Riders Question
102
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the
Americans because it

• Brought the British to offer recognition of
  colonial independence
• Brought the colonists much-needed aid and a
  formal alliance with France
• Prevented the fighting from spreading into the
  southern colonies
• Prevented the colonial capital from being
  captured by the British
• Kept Benedict Arnold from joining the British

Robber Barrons Question
103
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the
Americans because it

• Brought the British to offer recognition of
  colonial independence
• Brought the colonists much-needed aid and a
  formal alliance with France
• Prevented the fighting from spreading into the
  southern colonies
• Prevented the colonial capital from being
  captured by the British
• Kept Benedict Arnold from joining the British

Robber Barrons Question
104
Lets look at our Discussion Questions for this
next section

• What type of government did Adams want? (pg.
  192-193)
• Why was popular sovereignty so important? (pg.
  193)
• Describe how the Virginia constitution was set
  up. (pg. 193)
• How are members of the bicameral legislation
  chosen in the Massachusetts Constitution? (pg.
  195)
• Who was given the most power under the Articles
  of Confederation? (pg. 195)
• Who were the loyalists? Why were they willing to
  fight longer than the Patriots? (pg. 196)
• List at least two events that led to the collapse
  of the Continental dollar? (pg. 198)

105
Some Indian nations joined the British during the
Revolutionary War because

• The British threatened them with destruction if
  they did not help
• They believed that a British victory would
  restrain American expansion into the West
• The British hired them as mercenaries
• They were bound by treaties
• None of the above

Rough Riders Question
106
Some Indian nations joined the British during the
Revolutionary War because

• The British threatened them with destruction if
  they did not help
• They believed that a British victory would
  restrain American expansion into the West
• The British hired them as mercenaries
• They were bound by treaties
• None of the above

Rough Riders Question
107
Phase III The Southern Strategy 1780-1781
108
Britains Southern Strategy

• Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in
  the South.
• Southern resources were more valuable/worth
  preserving.
• The British win a number of small victories, but
  cannot pacify the countryside similar to U. S.
  failures in Vietnam!
• Good US GeneralNathanial Greene

109
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
AdmiralDe Grasse
110
Cornwallis Surrender at Yorktown
The World Turned Upside Down!
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797
111
Why did the British Lose???
112
North America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783
113
Discussion Questions

• After the Battle of Yorktown, the Treaty of Paris
  was signed. What agreements were made? (pg. 206)

114
Articles of Confederation Government 1781-1789
115
WholesalePriceIndex1770-1789
116
Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the
End of the War
117
Weaknesses of theArticles of Confederation

• A unicameral Congress 9 of 13 votes to pass a
  law.
• 13 out of 13 to amend.
• Representatives were frequently absent.
• Could not tax or raise armies.
• No executive or judicial branches.

118
State Constitutions

• Republicanism.
• Most had strong governors with veto power.
• Most had bicameral legislatures.
• Property required for voting.
• Some had universal white male suffrage.
• Most had bills of rights.
• Many had a continuation of state-established
  religions while others disestablished religion.

119
Occupational Composition of Several State
Assembliesin the 1780s
120
Indian Land Cessions1768-1799
121
Disputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain the
U. S.1783-1796
122
State Claims to Western Lands
123
Land Ordinance of 1785
124
Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• One of the major accomplishments of the
  Confederation Congress!
• Statehood achieved in three stages
• Congress appointed 3 judges a governor to
  govern the territory.
• When population reached 5,000 adult male
  landowners ? elect territorial legislature.
• When population reached 60,000 ? elect delegates
  to a state constitutional convention.

125
Discussion Questions

• What led to cotton replacing tobacco as the new
  cash crop of the south? (pg. 209)
• Why did the idea of Republican motherhood come
  about and what is it? How did this increase
  womens power? (pg. 210)
• What did the Northwest Ordinance create? (pg.
  211)

126
The United States in 1787
127
American Exports, To From Britain 1783-1789
128
Shays Rebellion 1786-7

• Daniel Shays
• Western MA
• Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

129
Discussion Question

• What caused Shays Rebellion? (pg. 215)

130
Shays Rebellion 1786-7
131
Shays Rebellion 1786-7
There could be no stronger evidence of the want
of energy in our governments than these disorders.
-- George Washington