Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

1
Chapter 13

• Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and
  Windows NT

2
You Will Learn

• About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture
• How to install Windows 2000 Professional
• How to install hardware and applications with
  Windows 2000
• How to install and support Windows NT Workstation

3
Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture
4
Windows NT/2000/XP Modes
5
User Mode

• Processor mode in which programs
• Have only limited access to system information
• Can access hardware only through other OS
  services
• Used by several subsystems
• Windows tools run primarily in user mode
• Applications relate by way of the Win32 subsystem

6
Programs Interacting with Subsystems
7
Kernel Mode

• Processor mode in which programs have extensive
  access to system information and hardware
• Used by two main components
• HAL (hardware abstraction layer)
• Executive services

8
Networking Features

• Workgroups
• Domains
• Native mode and mixed mode(Windows 2000)
• Active Directory (Windows 2000)

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Workgroups

• Logical groups of computers and users that share
  resources
• Each computer maintains a list of users and their
  rights on that particular PC
• Use peer-to-peer networking model

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A Windows Workgroup
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Domains

• Groups of networked computers that share a
  centralized directory database of user account
  information and security
• Use client/server model
• Have a domain controller which stores and
  controls the SAM database (user, group, and
  computer accounts)

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A Windows Domain
13
Windows NT/2000/XP Logon

• Default administrator account
• Has the most privileges and rights
• Can create user accounts and assign them rights

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How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives
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A Choice of File Systems
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A Choice of File Systems (continued)

• FAT uses three components to manage data on a
  logical drive
• FAT
• Directories
• Data files
• NTFS uses a database called the master file table
  (MFT) as its core component

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Master File Table (MFT)
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Advantages of NTFS over FAT

• Recoverable
• Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows
  2000/XP only)
• Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large
  volume drives
• Provides added security when booting from floppy
  disks
• Uses smaller cluster sizes

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Advantages of FAT over NTFS

• Less overhead best for hard drives lt 500 MB
• Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS
  OSs
• Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup
  disk to access the drive

20
Installing Windows 2000 Professional

• Clean install
• Overwrites all information from previous OS
  installations
• Upgrade installation
• Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS

21
Planning the Installation

• Verify minimum requirements
• At least 650 MB free space on hard drive
• At least 64 MB of RAM
• 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher
• Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32)
• Use the Microsoft Web site to verify components
  for Windows 2000 computer, peripheral hardware
  devices, and software

22
Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers

• Consider where Windows 2000 installation files
  are stored
• Convenience of putting them in the \i386
  directory on a file server (distribution server)
• Options for installation
• Unattended installation
• Drive imaging (disk cloning)
• Know how to configure to access the network

23
Upgrade or Clean Install?

• Clean install, erasing existing installations
• Fresh start
• Must reinstall applications software and restore
  data from backups
• Upgrading existing operating system
• Applications, data, most OS settings are carried
  forward
• Installation is faster
• Creating a dual boot
• Not recommended between Windows 2000 andWindows
  NT

24
Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows
2000

• Considerations
• Registries are incompatible
• Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000 Setup
  to check for compatibility

25
Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows
2000 (continued)

• Hardware compatibility
• Windows 2000 does not import drivers from Windows
  9x
• Windows 2000 deletes all Windows 9x system files
  and replaces them with Windows 2000 system files

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Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows
2000 (continued)

• Software compatibility
• Windows 9x applications store registry data
  differently and may rely on APIs specific to
  Windows 9x

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Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows
2000

• Considerations
• If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to
  Windows 2000 version of NTFS
• If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party
  software that allows Windows NT to use FAT32,
  Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS

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Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows
2000 (continued)

• Hardware compatibility
• Most hardware and drivers will work
• Check HCL on the Microsoft Web site or run Check
  Upgrade Only mode of Setup

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Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows
2000 (continued)

• Software compatibility
• Nearly all applications will run with some
  exceptions
• Antivirus software and third-party network
  software
• Some disk management tools
• Custom tools for power management
• Custom solutions that are workarounds
  forWindows NT not supporting PnP
• Software to monitor and control a UPS

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Steps to Install Windows 2000

• Use Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe, both located in the
  \i386 directory
• Access CMOS setup and verify settings

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Clean Installation

• If PC is capable of booting from a CD
• Insert the CD and turn on the PC
• Setup Wizard appears
• If PC does not boot from a CD and you have a
  clean, empty hard drive
• Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot
  the PC and to begin installation
• Remaining installation is done from the CD

32
Clean Install When Hard Drive Has an OS Installed

• Process if you use Windows 9x and the PC
  automatically detects a CD in the CD-ROM drive
• Process if the PC does not automatically
  recognize a CD

33
Upgrade Installation

• Prepare for installation
• Verify that all devices and applications are
  Windows 2000-compatible
• Scan memory and hard drive for viruses
• Back up critical system files and data files
• Close all applications and disable virus-scanning
  software decompress hard drive (if compressed)

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Upgrade Installation (continued)

• Perform the upgrade
• Insert CD Setup Wizard runs
• Report phase
• Setup phase
• Text mode
• GUI mode

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After Installation Backing Up the System State

• Download and install all OS service packs,
  updates, and patches
• Verify that all hardware works and install
  additional devices
• Create user accounts
• Install additional Windows components and
  applications
• Verify that the system functions properly and
  backup the system state

36
Installing Hardware and Applications Under
Windows 2000

• Add New Hardware Wizard automatically launches
  when new hardware is detected
• Software is best installed from Add/Remove
  Programs icon of Control Panel

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Installing Hardware
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Updating a Device Driver
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Installing Applications

• Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility looks
  different and provides more options
• Change or remove presently installed programs
• Add new programs from CD, floppy disk, or from
  Microsoft over the Internet
• Add or remove Windows components

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Installing Applications (continued)
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Supporting Windows NT

• Different ways to install Windows NT
• Troubleshooting the Windows NT boot process

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Installing Windows NT as the Only OS

• Installation files are stored in the \i386
  directory on CD-ROM drive
• If hard drive has no OS, boot from three start up
  disks installation continues from CD
• To perform an upgrade to Windows NT
• Boot the OS
• Execute Winnt.exe on the Windows NT CD

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Troubleshooting theWindows NT Boot Process

• If Windows NT boot loader menu appears, use Last
  Know Good configuration
• If unable to boot from hard drive, use three boot
  disks select option To repair a damaged Windows
  NT version 4.0 installation
• Try reinstalling Windows NT in its current
  folder tell Setup it is an upgrade
• Move hard drive to another system that runs
  Windows NT (last resort if using NTFS)

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Last Known Good Configuration

• A copy of hardware configuration from the
  registry that is saved by the OS each time it
  boots and the first logon is made with no errors
• Contained in the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\
  HARDWARE
• Reverting to it causes loss of any changes made
  to hardware configuration since Last Known Good
  was saved

45
Windows NT Boot Disks

• Three disks required to hold enough ofWindows NT
  to boot
• Format a disk using Windows NT Explorer

46
Creating Windows NT Boot Disks
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The Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)

• Contains information unique to the OS and hard
  drive
• Can be used to fix a problem with the OS
• Enables restoration of Windows registry on the
  hard drive, which contains all configuration
  information for Windows
• Also includes information used to build a command
  window to run DOS-like commands

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Files on the ERD
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Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a
Failed Boot

• Boot disks to boot Windows NT
• ERD to recover critical system files on hard drive

50
Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a
Failed Boot (continued)
51
Summary

• Windows NT/2000/XP share the same basic
  architecture and have similar characteristics
• How to install Windows 2000 Professional
• How to install hardware and software under
  Windows 2000
• Windows NT installation and support