Global architecture/architecture in Global Cities This

1
Global architecture/architecture in Global Cities

• This powerpoint at
• http//www.journalinks.nl/GC.ppt
• Literature for finals
• http//www.journalinks.nl/GC.htm

2
Lecture

• Global movements in architecture
• Cities today
• (Local) reactions

3
Global Movements 1

• The Roman Empire

Pantheon Rome 120 BC
4

• Architecture always SIGNS something, it talks
• About political power
• About religion
• About ideology

5

• The Pantheon is a TEMPLE, it a based on GREEK
  temple architecture ? by acknowledging the
  Greek, we are as noble as they were

6
(No Transcript)
7
Global Movements 2

• Christianity

Chartres 1200
8
(No Transcript)
9

• Architecture and the PLACE where it is built
  always SIGNS something, it talks
• Gothic architecture signs we, the Church, are
  in the heart of society and we are closest to
  God

10
Global Movements 3

• Colonialism
• neo-classicism
• end 18th cent

Pantheon 120 BC
Villa rotonda 1564
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_house_styles
11
Colonialism Sri Lanka
12
Neo classicism
University Viginia 1820
r
United States Capitol 1793
13

• (Colonial) classical architecture SIGNS
• We are the political power
• Our ideology, which is like a religion rules the
  world

14
Chicago Tribune Tower, Chicago, 1923-1925
15
Tour de Beurre, Rouen Cathedral 1500
16
Global Movements 4

• Industrial Revolution
• New artefacts factories, railwaystations,
  officebuildings

17
(No Transcript)
18
St Pancras station London 1925
19
Wolfschmidt's Spirit and Yeast Factory (End of
19th Century),
20
Royal Pavilion, Brighton , England , 1815
21
Beginning 20th Cent

• Need for city-planning because of increasing
  traffic and full cities by immigration from the
  countryside
• Slightly hysteric spirit of the time
  (Zeitgeist) cried out for a NEW style for a NEW
  and MODERN age! ?

22
Global Movements 5towards an international style

• Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne
  CIAM 1928-1956
• City-planning
• Architecture

23
CIAM about architecture

• Functionalism
• Less is more no decoration
• New technologies glass, steel, concrete
• Mass-production

24
Town Planning CIAM 1933 Athens Charter

• The Functional City
• Highrise functional blocks for living
• Zoned cities
• Green belts

25

• Modern architecture SIGNS
• There should not be a hierarchical order not in
  cities, not on the building itself religion,
  power and ideology are over
• Modern architecture will make people happy and
  good

26
World War II

• World hegemony symbolized in architecture like
  the architecture in the Holy Roman Empire (1st
  Reich) classical

27
(No Transcript)
28
Arno Breker
29
Opera Paris 1860
30
Tomb Napoléon 1842
Dôme des Invalides 1860
31
Hitler in Paris june 1940
32
After World War II

• Continuation of Global Movement 5
• Plans from CIAM ? INTERNATIONAL STYLE
• glass curtain walls
• spanning steel girders that form the
• skeleton of the building

Mies van der Rohe The Seagram Building 1957 New
York
33
Functional city
Pruitt-Igoe housing Project 1956 St Louis.
Architect Minoru Yamasaki
34

• He was the same architect that built the WTC in
  New York, and also Dhahran International Airport
  in Saudi Arabia

35

• The Modern Era ended in 1972 the architecture
  only signed poverty, of people and of ideas
  .....according to the world famous critic Charles
  Jencks

36
The same Pruitt-Igoe housing Project in 1972
37
1972
http//www.implosionworld.com
38
Cities today global cities

• Centre devoid of people Offices, banks,
  shopping-malls, museums, hotels, restaurants,
  name-brand stores, fitness centers, multi-screen
  cinemas corporate/financial Global Cities

39

• Urban sprawl Stadium-areas, new corporate areas
  outside the cities Zuid-as Amsterdam.
• Extended cities with satellite towns, also known
  as agglomeration Zuid-as and Almere, Randstad
• Interconnected cities, economic link Tokyo and
  London

40

• Competition among cities highest 2 skyscrapers
  and buildings by famous architects
• Power is with captalism, religion has disappeared
  completely
• Capitalism is international emporis

41
Swim stadium, Chris Bosse PTW Architects
Stadium Beijing Bird's Nest Herzog and De
Meuron Architekten
And Rem Koolhaas National Television
42
Reaction Culture Jamming

• adbusters
• sniggle
• reclaim the media
• social activism
• Reclaim the streets 2

43
Downside

• Western culture hegemony new colonialism
• Contrast rich and poor

44
Chongqin
45
Global cities

• Corporate power ? architecture urban planning
• For the first time in human history most of us
  live in cities many in desperate conditions.
• In 2005, an estimated total of 1 billion people
  were living in slums worldwide about a third of
  the worlds total urban population.