Introduction to the Internet

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Introduction to the Internet

• Brett J. Trout

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The Internet

• "640K ought to be enough for anybody." - Bill
  Gates, 1981
• Change is the only constant
• Anticipate rather than react

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What Is the Internet?
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What Is the Internet?
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What Is the Internet?
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What Is the Internet?
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What Is the Internet?
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What Is the Internet?
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History

• Eisenhower reacts to sputnik
• Creates advanced research project agency ARPA
• Concerns rise over missiles
• ARPA
• Investigates decentralizing Department of Defense
• Interconnected network

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The Idea Is Born

• Paul Baran
• Rand corporation
• Investigates use of telephone lines to
  decentralize
• Nodes
• Did not materialize until late 60s
• Four American universities
• U.C. Santa Barbara
• University of Utah
• Stanford
• UCLA

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Milestones

• 1982-DOD makes TCP/IP standard
• 1990-Internet independently viable and ARPA exits
  picture
• 1992-over 5 million computers
• 1999-over 150 million computers

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Terminology

• IP number
• Internet protocol number
• Unique numeric identifier of each user
• Your ISP typically assigns you A new one each
  time
• Websites assigned static IP numbers

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Terminology

• Domain name
• Unique for each extension
• .com
• .org
• .edu
• .net
• .gov
• Requires host server for use

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Terminology

• New Top Level Domain Names
• .aero
• .biz
• .coop
• .info
• .museum
• .name
• .pro
• All but .info will be restricted

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Terminology

• DNS
• Domain name system
• Database
• Resolves domain names to IP numbers to locate
  websites

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Internet Glossary

• Internet - A global computer network utilizing
  standard access and transmission protocols.
  Although the Internet includes mainframe
  computers, the bulk of the workload on the
  Internet is handled by millions of small
  "servers", no larger than a typical personal
  computer.
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• Browser - A software program designed to send
  user defined requests for information over the
  Internet, for receipt, interpretation and display
  of the information by the user.

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• Server - A special computer having increased
  memory and processing power typically using a
  UNIX operating system. A server is designed to
  prioritize aspects of each task, based upon
  pre-determined rules. This allows a server to
  perform many simultaneous tasks and to more
  quickly transfer information from one computer to
  another over a network, such as the Internet.

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• UNIX - An established computer operating system
  especially well suited to addressing simultaneous
  requests for information.
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• URL - Uniform Resource Locator (sometimes
  pronounced "Earl") A location identifier
  associated with a particular webpage or file on
  the Internet, e.g. www.bretttrout.com

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• TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. This is the
  standard protocol computers utilize to
  communicate with one another over a network.
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• Bandwidth - Data volume transfer capability.
  Greater bandwidth is especially important for the
  transmission of graphics and will continue to be
  important as streaming video and other large
  volume applications come into more widespread
  use.

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• ISP - Internet Service Provider. An Internet
  server which, for a fee, allows a large number of
  "users" to share a limited amount of bandwidth
  and computer storage space.
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• IP - Internet Protocol. This is the standard
  protocol for allowing computers to identify one
  another over the Internet.

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• IP Address - An address which allows computers to
  find one another over the Internet. Your IP
  Address may change every time you log on, if you
  dial up to the Internet through an ISP. This is
  called a "dynamic" IP Address.

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• HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. This is a
  protocol for informing your browser how to
  display information found on a particular
  webpage. All webpages on the World Wide Web
  utilize HTTP, making them accessible to all other
  Web computers.

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• FTP - File Transfer Protocol. This is a protocol
  computers use to send files to one another. You
  may either upload or download files using FTP

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• HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language. A computer
  language used to encode nearly every webpage on
  the Internet. HTML informs a browser what
  information is on the page and instructs the
  browser how to display the information. The
  popularity of HTML stems from its ubiquity, ease
  of use and power.
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• XML - eXtensible Markup Language. A computer
  language which also instructs the browser how to
  display the information. Additionally, XML
  includes information relating to the "type" of
  information which allows other applications to
  use the information. XML will become increasingly
  important as mobile Internet devices incorporate
  data obtained over the Internet into
  spreadsheets, word processing programs, PDAs and
  other applications.

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• Dial-up Connection - An Internet connection
  typically provided through an ISP, such as
  America Online. Dial-up connections are
  typically the slowest type of Internet connection
  with download speeds of 56 kbps (kilobits per
  second).

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• ISDN Connection - Integrated Services Digital
  Network. An ISDN connection is an Internet
  connection. Typical ISDN connections provide two
  56kbps channels used to access the Internet at
  128kbps, or to access the Internet at 56kbps and
  use the other channel as a telephone line for
  voice communication.

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• DSL Connection - Digital Subscriber Line
  -Connects to the Internet using a regular phone
  line and a network box. DSL provides very high
  speed transmit speeds 256kbps to 1.5Mbps
  (megabits per second), depending on service
  provider, with slower receive speeds of about
  64kbps.

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• Cable Connection - Coaxial cable with very high
  receive speed of 27Mbps are possible, with
  transmit speeds of 96kbps to 15Mbps. The number
  of users sharing access, however, drastically
  reduces the speed. A cable connection is
  slightly less than other options since
  information may pass through neighbors' computers
  before hitting the Web.

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• Satellite - 400kbps receive 56kbps transmit. You
  must also have a dial-up or other modem to
  transmit.
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• T1 - A direct connection to the Internet. Very
  fast at 1.5Mbps, but also very expensive.

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• PDA - Personal Digital Assistant. Typically a
  hand-held computer running a small number of
  specialized applications. PDAs will become
  increasingly important as wireless capability and
  increased power, allow PDAs to run full version
  browsers and software applications, allowing PDAs
  to quickly access a broader range of information
  over the Internet.

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• Cookie - Small text file written to your hard
  drive by a website which rarely contains
  sensitive information, and cannot be read by any
  website other than the one that created it. A
  cookie allows the website that created it to
  provide you with information faster and reduce
  the amount of information you must key in to
  access information on the webpage. You may
  unilaterally delete a cookie from your hard drive
  at any time.

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• Upload - To forward a file to a server for later
  access over the Internet.
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• Download - To copy a file from an Internet server
  to recordable media, such as a hard drive or a
  floppy disk.

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• WWW - The World Wide Web, or "Web", is the
  universe of users and resources accessible over
  the Internet using HTTP.

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• DNS - Domain Name System. A worldwide collection
  of databases used to translate domain names to
  their IP Addresses.

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• TLD - Top-level domain name. The highest-level
  domain name in the DNS hierarchy. The portion of
  the domain name appearing to the right of the
  "dot" in a URL.

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• SLD - Second level domain name. The second
  highest-level domain name in the DNS hierarchy.
  The portion of the domain name appearing to the
  immediate left of the "dot" in a URL.

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• email - Electronic Mail. A message containing
  text, graphics, video and/or audio transmitted
  electronically to another computer. Typically,
  email is divided into numerous "packets", each
  transmitted to another computer over the
  Internet. Since each packet is transmitted using
  a different "route", it is extremely difficult,
  but not impossible, to surreptitiously intercept
  and interpret an email message sent to another
  party. Generally, it is much easier to intercept
  and decode a cellular phone call than to
  intercept and decode an email message.

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• SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This is
  the protocol computers use to "send" email.

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• POP - Post Office Protocol. This is the protocol
  computers use to "receive" email from an email
  server.

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• MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension. This
  is the convention computers use to "email"
  various file types to other computers.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Backup - What you do when you sight a skunk in
  the woods.
• Bar code - Them's the fight'n rules down da local
  tavern.
• Byte - What yer pit bull dun to cusin Jethro.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Cache - Needed when you go to da store.
• Terminal - Time to call da undertaker.
• Digital The art of counting on your fingers.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Hacker - Uncle Leroy after thirty years of
  smoking.
• Hardcopy - Picture looked at when selecting
  tattoos.
• Internet - Where cafeteria workers put their hair.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Keyboard - Where you hang the keys to the John
  Deere.
• Megahertz - How your head feels after seventeen
  beers.
• Modem - What ya did when the grass and weeds got
  too tall.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Mouse pad - Where Mickey and Minnie live.
• Network - Scoop'n up a big fish before it breaks
  the line.
• Rom - Where the pope lives.

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Redneck IT Terminology

• Screen - Helps keep the skeeters off the porch.
• Serial port - A red wine you drink with
  breakfast.
• Superconductor - Amtrak's Employee of the year
• Scsi - What you call your week-old underwear.

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Advantages of the Internet

• No one owns the web
• Low cost
• Weak link is your ISP
• Wealth of information
• Many resources available only on the web
• Constantly updated

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Disadvantages

• You will come to base your business on ready
  Internet access
• No guarantees
• Authenticity
• Updates
• Accuracy

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Where Is the Internet Used

• 52.4 Non-English speaking
• 55 percent of Internet traffic comes from outside
  the US
• 26 European
• 16 Asian

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Use By Businesses

• Passive web sites
• Informational
• Interactive web sites
• Execute on-line forms
• Chat forums
• Commerce exchange
• Secure transactions

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Use By Individuals

• Online purchases
• 66 Internet users worldwide made online
  purchases last year.
• 1.5 M cars sold online
• Communication
• Investing
• Product research
• General research
• Gaming/recreational

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Purchases

• Books
• Music
• Computers
• Clothing
• Health and beauty
• Sporting goods
• Flowers
• Toys.

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Barriers to Online purchases

• High shipping costs
• Leads to the most abandoned shopping carts.

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U.S. users

• 60 percent of the U.S. population is online
• From 90,000 in 1993 to 168 million in 2001.
• 83 percent of highest socioeconomic bracket are
  connected
• Only 35 percent of the lowest are connected.

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Use In The Future

• 60 of brokerage industry
• 10B in entertainment and travel ticket sales
• 1.6B in online music sales by 2002

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Use In The Future

• Wireless web access
• Greater collection of personal data
• Authorized-web safe deposit boxes
• Unauthorized-cookies, Trojan horse programs
• New laws governing use

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Use In The Future

• Speed will increase
• 56kbs standard home access
• 1544kbst-1 line
• 39mbs ICN
• No limit
• Higher speed translates into more accessible
  information
• Full motion video

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Use In The Future

• Everyone in courtroom has Internet and searchable
  access to all exhibits
• Experts may testify without travel
• Full motion presentation to jury throughout trial

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Internet Law Practice

• Online legal research
• E-mail communication with clients
• Audio/visual presentations
• Settlement proposals
• Juries
• Briefs on CD-rom
• Hypertext links
• Full motion video and exhibits

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The Take Home

• Use the Internet
• Compile a list of trusted links
• Check information against date of last update
• Double/triple check statistics
• Be aware of the sites biases
• Check your authorization to use the materials

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Thank You