Any Questions?

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Any Questions?
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Ch 14-Frame Relay Configurationand
Troubleshooting

• Frame Relay Configuration and Verification
• Frame Relay Troubleshooting

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Do I know this?
Go through the Quiz- 5 minutes
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• 1. Imagine two Cisco routers, R1 and R2, using a
  Frame Relay service. R1 connects to a switch that
  uses LMI type ANSI T1.617, and R2 connects to a
  switch that uses ITU Q.933a. What keywords could
  be used in the R1 and R2 configuration so that
  the LMIswork correctly?
• a. ansi and itu
• b. T1617 and q933
• c. ansi and q933
• d. T1617 and itu
• e. This wont work with two different types.

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• 1. Imagine two Cisco routers, R1 and R2, using a
  Frame Relay service. R1 connects to a switch that
  uses LMI type ANSI T1.617, and R2 connects to a
  switch that uses ITU Q.933a. What keywords could
  be used in the R1 and R2 configuration so that
  the LMIswork correctly?
• a. ansi and itu
• b. T1617 and q933
• c. ansi and q933
• d. T1617 and itu
• e. This wont work with two different types.
• Answer C

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• 2. BettyCo has five sites, with routers connected
  to the same Frame Relay network. VCshave been
  defined between each pair of routers. Betty, the
  company president, will fireanyone who configures
  anything that could just as easily be left as a
  default. Which of the following configuration
  commands, configured for the Frame Relay
  network,would get the engineer fired?
• a. ip address
• b. encapsulation
• c. lmi-type
• d. frame-relay map
• e. frame-relay inverse-arp

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• 2. BettyCo has five sites, with routers connected
  to the same Frame Relay network. VCshave been
  defined between each pair of routers. Betty, the
  company president, will fireanyone who configures
  anything that could just as easily be left as a
  default. Which of the following configuration
  commands, configured for the Frame Relay
  network,would get the engineer fired?
• a. ip address
• b. encapsulation
• c. lmi-type
• d. frame-relay map
• e. frame-relay inverse-arp
• Answer C, D, E

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• 3. WilmaCo has some routers connected to a Frame
  Relay network. R1 is a router at a remote site,
  with a single VC back to WilmaCos headquarters.
  The R1 configuration currently looks like this
• interface serial 0/0
• ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• Wilma, the company president, has heard that
  point-to-point subinterfaces are cool, and she
  wants you to change the configuration to use a
  point-to-point subinterface. Which of the
  following commands do you need to use to migrate
  the configuration?
• a. no ip address
• b. interface-dlci
• c. no encapsulation
• d. encapsulation frame-relay
• e. frame-relay interface-dlci

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• 3. WilmaCo has some routers connected to a Frame
  Relay network. R1 is a router at a remote site,
  with a single VC back to WilmaCos headquarters.
  The R1 configuration currently looks like this
• interface serial 0/0
• ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• Wilma, the company president, has heard that
  point-to-point subinterfaces are cool, and she
  wants you to change the configuration to use a
  point-to-point subinterface. Which of the
  following commands do you need to use to migrate
  the configuration?
• a. no ip address
• b. interface-dlci
• c. no encapsulation
• d. encapsulation frame-relay
• e. frame-relay interface-dlci
• Answer A E

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• 4. WilmaCo has another network, with a main site
  router that has ten VCs connecting to the ten
  remote sites. Wilma now thinks that multipoint
  subinterfaces are even cooler than
  point-to-point. The current main site routers
  configuration looks like this
• interface serial 0/0
• ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• Wilma wants you to change the configuration to
  use a multipoint subinterface. Which of the
  following do you need to use to migrate the
  configuration? Note DLCIs 101 through 110
  areused for the ten VCs.)
• a. interface-dlci 101 110
• b. interface dlci 101-110
• c. Ten different interface-dlci commands
• d. frame-relay interface-dlci 101 110
• e. frame-relay interface dlci 101-110
• f. Ten different frame-relay interface-dlci
  commands

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• 4. WilmaCo has another network, with a main site
  router that has ten VCs connecting to the ten
  remote sites. Wilma now thinks that multipoint
  subinterfaces are even cooler than
  point-to-point. The current main site routers
  configuration looks like this
• interface serial 0/0
• ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• Wilma wants you to change the configuration to
  use a multipoint subinterface. Which of the
  following do you need to use to migrate the
  configuration? Note DLCIs 101 through 110
  areused for the ten VCs.)
• a. interface-dlci 101 110
• b. interface dlci 101-110
• c. Ten different interface-dlci commands
• d. frame-relay interface-dlci 101 110
• e. frame-relay interface dlci 101-110
• f. Ten different frame-relay interface-dlci
  commands
• Answer F

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• 5. Which of the following commands lists the
  information learned by Inverse ARP?
• a. show ip arp
• b. show arp
• c. show inverse arp
• d. show frame-relay inverse-arp
• e. show map
• f. show frame-relay map

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• 5. Which of the following commands lists the
  information learned by Inverse ARP?
• a. show ip arp
• b. show arp
• c. show inverse arp
• d. show frame-relay inverse-arp
• e. show map
• f. show frame-relay map
• Answer F

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• 6. Which of the following are Frame Relay PVC
  status codes for which a router sends
• frames for the associated PVC?
• a. Up
• b. Down
• c. Active
• d. Inactive
• e. Static
• f. Deleted
• Answer C E

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• 7. Central site router RC has a VC connecting to
  ten remote routers (R1 through R10), with RCs
  local DLCIs being 101 through 110, respectively.
  RC has grouped DLCIs 107, 108, and 109 into a
  single multipoint subinterface S0/0.789, whose
  current status is up and up. Which of the
  following must be true?
• a. Serial 0/0 could be in an up/down state.
• b. The PVC with DLCI 108 could be in an inactive
  state.
• c. The show frame-relay map command lists mapping
  information for all three VCs.
• d. At least one of the three PVCs is in an active
  or static state.

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• 7. Central site router RC has a VC connecting to
  ten remote routers (R1 through R10), with RCs
  local DLCIs being 101 through 110, respectively.
  RC has grouped DLCIs 107, 108, and 109 into a
  single multipoint subinterface S0/0.789, whose
  current status is up and up. Which of the
  following must be true?
• a. Serial 0/0 could be in an up/down state.
• b. The PVC with DLCI 108 could be in an inactive
  state.
• c. The show frame-relay map command lists mapping
  information for all three VCs.
• d. At least one of the three PVCs is in an active
  or static state.
• Answer D

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• 8. Frame Relay router R1 uses interface S0/0 to
  connect to a Frame Relay access link. The
  physical interface is in an up/down state. Which
  of the following could cause this problem?
• a. The access link has a physical problem and
  cannot pass bits between the router and switch.
• b. The switch and router are using different LMI
  types.
• c. The router configuration is missing the
  encapsulation frame-relay command on interface
  S0/0.
• d. The router received a valid LMI status message
  that listed some of the DLCIs as inactive.

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• 8. Frame Relay router R1 uses interface S0/0 to
  connect to a Frame Relay access link. The
  physical interface is in an up/down state. Which
  of the following could cause this problem?
• a. The access link has a physical problem and
  cannot pass bits between the router and switch.
• b. The switch and router are using different LMI
  types.
• c. The router configuration is missing the
  encapsulation frame-relay command on interface
  S0/0.
• d. The router received a valid LMI status message
  that listed some of the DLCIs as inactive.
• Answer B, C, E

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Any Questions?
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Frame Config and Verification

• Can be complex or simple
• System can autosense LMI
• Can discover DLCI to IP mapping
• Inverse ARP
• If all cisco routers, can use default cisco
  encapsulation
• With all default settings, just use
• Router1(config-if) encapsulation frame-relay

Pg 487
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Coordinate with Provider

• Define which physical sites need a Frame Relay
  access link installed, and define the clock rate
  (access rate) used on each link
• Define each VC by identifying the endpoints and
  setting the CIR
• Agree to an LMI type (usually dictated by the
  provider)

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Frame Design

• Choose the IP subnetting scheme one subnet for
  all VCs, one subnet for each VC, or a subnet for
  each fully meshed subset.
• Pick whether to assign the IP addresses to
  physical, multipoint, or point-to-point
  subinterfaces.
• Choose which VCs need to use IETF encapsulation
  instead of the default value of cisco. IETF
  encapsulation is typically used when one router
  is not a Cisco router.

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Frame Config

• Step 1 Configure the physical interface to use
  Frame Relay encapsulation (encapsulation
  frame-relay interface subcommand).
• Step 2 Configure an IP address on the interface
  or subinterface (ip address subcommand).
• Step 3 (Optional) Manually set the LMI type on
  each physical serial interface (frame-relay
  lmi-type interface subcommand).
• Step 4 (Optional) Change from the default
  encapsulation of cisco to ietf by doing the
  following
• a. For all VCs on the interface, add the ietf
  keyword to the encapsulation frame-relay
  interface subcommand.
• b. For a single VC, add the ietf keyword to the
  frame-relay interfacedlci interface subcommand
  (point-to-point subinterfaces only) or to the
  frame-relay map command.
• Step 5 (Optional) If you arent using the
  (default) Inverse ARP to map the DLCI to the
  next-hop routers IP address, define static
  mapping using the frame-relay map ip dlci
  ip-address broadcast subinterface subcommand.
• Step 6 On subinterfaces, associate one
  (point-to-point) or more (multipoint) DLCIs with
  the subinterface in one of two ways
• a. Using the frame-relay interface-dlci dlci
  subinterface subcommand
• b. As a side effect of static mapping using the
  frame-relay map ip dlc ip-address broadcast
  subinterface subcommand

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Any Questions?
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Full Mesh-One subnet

• Single Access link on each router
• Each router connects to other routers
• Use a single subnet for wan connections
• All interfaces and subinterfaces are programmed
  on same network

Pg 489
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Full Mesh
Pg 489
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• Mayberry Config
• interface serial0/0/0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• ip address 199.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
• !
• interface fastethernet 0/0
• ip address 199.1.10.1 255.255.255.0
• !
• router eigrp 1
• network 199.1.1.0
• network 199.1.10.0
• LMI is autosense
• Default Encapsulcation (cisco)

Pg 490
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Any Questions?
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Config Encapsulation and LMI

• Change LMI type
• frame-relay lmi-type ansi
• Change Encapsulation
• For all connections
• encapsulation frame-relay ietf
• For a single conenction
• frame-relay interface-dlci 53 ietf

Pg 491
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Address Mapping

• Mapping links the layer 2 (DLCI) address to the
  layer 3 (IP) address
• Mapping is needed on multiaccess networks
• Inverse ARP
• Static Mapping

Pg 492
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Seeing the PVC

• Show frame-relay pvc
• Shows details of the PVCs that the router knows
  about
• PVCs are identified by their DLCI
• PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame
  Relay DTE)
• Active Inactive Deleted Static
• Local 2 0 0 0
• Switched 0 0 0 0
• Unused 0 0 0 0
• DLCI 52, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  ACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0
• input pkts 46 output pkts 22 in bytes 2946
• out bytes 1794 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
• in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
• in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
• out bcast pkts 21 out bcast bytes 1730
• pvc create time 002307, last time pvc status
  changed 002138

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Seeing the MAP

• Show frame-relay map
• Shows the mapping of DLCI to IP address
• Mayberryshow frame-relay map
• Serial0/0/0 (up) ip 199.1.1.2 dlci
  52(0x34,0xC40), dynamic,
• broadcast,, status defined, active
• Serial0/0/0 (up) ip 199.1.1.3 dlci
  53(0x35,0xC50), dynamic,
• broadcast,, status defined, active

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Inverse ARP

• Router sends out an I-ARP announcement with their
  IP address

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Static Mapping

• Manually Program the map on the interface that
  connects to the PVC

• Mayberry
• interface serial 0/0/0
• no frame-relay inverse-arp
• frame-relay map ip 199.1.1.2 52 broadcast
• frame-relay map ip 199.1.1.3 53 broadcast

Pg 496
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Any Questions?
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Partial Mesh-One Subnet per VC
Pg 497
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Atlanta Config

• Note how the DLCI is programmed into the
  subinterface
• Atlanta(config)interface serial0/0/0
• Atlanta(config-if)encapsulation frame-relay
• Atlanta(config-if)interface serial 0/0/0.1
  point-to-point
• Atlanta(config-subif)ip address 140.1.1.1
  255.255.255.0
• Atlanta(config-subif)frame-relay interface-dlci
  52
• Atlanta(config-fr-dlci)interface serial 0/0/0.2
  point-to-point
• Atlanta(config-subif)ip address 140.1.2.1
  255.255.255.0
• Atlanta(config-subif)frame-relay interface-dlci
  53
• Atlanta(config-fr-dlci)interface serial 0/0/0.3
  point-to-point
• Atlanta(config-subif)ip address 140.1.3.1
  255.255.255.0
• Atlanta(config-subif)frame-relay interface-dlci
  54
• Atlanta(config-fr-dlci)interface fastethernet
  0/0
• Atlanta(config-if)ip address 140.1.11.1
  255.255.255.0

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Why the interface-dlci command?

• When using multiple DLCI on a single
  interface-need the interface DLCI
• LMI tells router that PVCs with DLCI 52, 53, 54
  are up
• How does router know which ones go with which
  subinterface?

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Options for putting DLCI on Subinterface

• frame-relay interface-dlci
• OR
• Frame-relay map
• This will disable inverse ARP

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Global and Local Addressing

• Routers only know local addresses
• Diagrams may show global addresses
• If a single DLCI is next to the router, that is
  the DLCI programmed on the other routers to
  specify the PVC to the router shown

Pg 500
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Any Questions?
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Verification

• Atlantashow frame-relay pvc
• SNIP---------------------------------------
• DLCI 52, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  ACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.1
• input pkts 843 output pkts 876 in bytes 122723
• out bytes 134431 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
• in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
• in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
• out bcast pkts 876 out bcast bytes 134431
• pvc create time 052010, last time pvc status
  changed 051931

Pg 501
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Verification

• DLCI 53, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  ACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.2
• input pkts 0 output pkts 875 in bytes 0
• out bytes 142417 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
• in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
• in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
• out bcast pkts 875 out bcast bytes 142417
• pvc create time 051951, last time pvc status
  changed 045541
• DLCI 54, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  ACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.3
• input pkts 10 output pkts 877 in bytes 1274
• out bytes 142069 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
• in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
• in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
• out bcast pkts 877 out bcast bytes 142069
• pvc create time 051952, last time pvc status
  changed 051742

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Verfication

• Atlantashow frame-relay map
• Serial0/0/0.3 (up) point-to-point dlci, dlci
  54(0x36,0xC60), broadcast
• status defined, active
• Serial0/0/0.2 (up) point-to-point dlci, dlci
  53(0x35,0xC50), broadcast
• status defined, active
• Serial0/0/0.1 (up) point-to-point dlci, dlci
  52(0x34,0xC40), broadcast
• status defined, active
• You can see the DLCI that represent the
  connections to the other side

Pg 501
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Any Questions?
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Partial Mesh

• Uses multipoint subinterface
• When a partial mesh is used a multipoint
  interface connects two dlci on same interface

Pg 503
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Multipoint Configuration

• interface serial0/0/0
• encapsulation frame-relay
• !
• interface serial 0/0/0.1 multipoint
• ip address 140.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
• frame-relay interface-dlci 502
• frame-relay interface-dlci 503
• !
• interface serial 0/0/0.2 point-to-point
• ip address 140.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
• frame-relay interface-dlci 504
• !
• interface serial 0/0/0.3 point-to-point
• ip address 140.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
• frame-relay interface-dlci 505

• Multipoints are used in the mesh portion
• Single Subnet for all in the mesh
• Two dlcis because two destinations
• The IPs are found by Inverse ARP
• Point to point are for non-mesh
• When it is configured as point to point

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Map for partial Mesh

• See how the DLCIs come up
• RouterCshow frame-relay map
• Serial0/0/0.1 (up) ip 140.1.1.1 dlci
  501(0x1F5,0x7C50), dynamic,
• broadcast,, status defined, active
• Serial0/0/0.1 (up) ip 140.1.1.2 dlci
  502(0x1F6,0x7C60), dynamic,
• broadcast,, status defined, active

Pg 506
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Any Questions?
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Troubleshooting

• Use Pings
• If router can ping other route Frame interface IP
  then it might be a layer 3 issue
• If routers cant ping Frame interfaces, then need
  to check Frame settings

Pg 507
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Frame Diagram
Pg 508
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Frame Troubles

• If a Frame Relay routers pings fail for all
  remote routers whose VCs share a single access
  link, do the following
• Step 1 Check for Layer 1 problems on the access
  link between the router and the local Frame Relay
  switch (all routers). (is everything Up UP)
• Step 2 Check for Layer 2 problems on the access
  link, particularly encapsulation and LMI. (check
  LMI and Encapsulation)
• After resolving any problems in the first two
  steps, or if the original ping tests showed that
  the Frame Relay router can ping some, but not
  all, of the other Frame Relay routers whose VCs
  share a single access link, follow these steps
• Step 3 Check for PVC problems based on the PVC
  status and subinterface status.
• Step 4 Check for Layer 2/3 problems with both
  static and dynamic (Inverse ARP) mapping.
• Step 5 Check for Layer 2/3 problems related to a
  mismatch of end-to-end encapsulation (cisco or
  ietf).
• Step 6 Check for other Layer 3 issues, including
  mismatched subnets.

Pg 508
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Identifying PVCs

• Check IPs on Frame interfaces
• Show interfaces
• Show ip interface brief
• Check PVCs
• Show frame-relay PVC
• Check maps
• Show frame-relay map

Pg 511
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Identifying PVCs

• Check IPs on Frame interfaces
• Show interfaces
• Show ip interface brief
• R1gtshow ip interface brief
• Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
• FastEthernet0/0 10.1.11.1 YES NVRAM up up
• FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM
  administratively down down
• Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
• Serial0/0/0.2 10.1.2.1 YES NVRAM down down

Pg 511
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Identifying PVCs

• Check PVCs
• Show frame-relay PVC
• DLCI 102, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  INACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.2
• DLCI 103, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  INACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.34
• DLCI 104, DLCI USAGE LOCAL, PVC STATUS
  ACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0/0/0.34

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PVC status
Pg 515
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Subinterface Status

• down/down All the DLCIs associated with the
  subinterface are inactive or deleted, or the
  underlying physical interface is not in an up/up
  state.
• up/up At least one of the DLCIs associated with
  the subinterface is active or static.

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Frame Mapping Issues

• On point-to-point subinterfaces
• These subinterfaces do not need Inverse ARP or
  static mapping, because IOS simply thinks that
  the subnet defined on the subinterface is
  reachable via the only DLCI on the subinterface.
• The show frame-relay map command output still
  lists these subinterfaces, but with no next-hop
  IP address.
• On physical interfaces and multipoint
  subinterfaces
• They need to use either Inverse ARP or static
  mapping.
• The show frame-relay map command should list the
  remote routers Frame Relay IP address and the
  local routers local DLCI for each PVC associated
  with the interface or subinterface.
• If youre using static mapping, the broadcast
  keyword is needed to support a routing protocol.

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Any Questions?