Understanding the Periodic Table: GROUPS

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Understanding the Periodic TableGROUPS
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Look at your periodic table
Write 10 observations on your paper. What are the
3 main groups weve learned about so far?
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• Metals
• 1. Ductile conduct electricity very well.
• 2. Malleable hammered, bent without breaking.
• 3. Shiny
• Examples
• Silver (Ag)
• Gold (Au)
• Copper (Cu)
• Aluminum (Al)

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• Nonmetals
• 1. Dull not shiny
• 2. Brittle breaks easily
• 3. Poor conductors of electricity and heat.
• Examples
• Hydrogen (H)
• Sulfur (S)
• Chlorine (Cl)
• Helium (He)

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Semimetals or Metalloids

• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
• Only conduct electricity under certain
  conditions.
• Examples
• Silicon (Si)
• Boron (B)

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Metals, Nonmetals, and Semi-metals on the
Periodic Table
semi-metals
nonmetals
metals
Color the metals, non-metals and semi-metals VERY
LIGHTLY.Theres more.
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B
A
Also called Families 18 Columns 8 Columns
labeled A (colors) 10 Columns labeled B
(gray) Each group has unique properties Elements
in the same group have similar properties.
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Group 1A Alkali Metals
silvery white metal(except cesium, which is
liquid golden) Highly reactive. Examples Sodium
(Na) Potassium (K) Cesium (Cs)
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Group 1A Alkali Metals
Bohr Diagram
Lewis Dot Diagram
H ? Li ? Na ? K ?
1 electron in each outer shell.
Energy levels increase by the period
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Group 2A Alkaline Earth Metals
Malleable and ductile metals. Very
reactive. Examples Magnesium Calcium (Ca) Radium
(Ra)
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Group 2A Alkaline Earth Metals
Be Mg Ca
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3
4
2 electrons in outer shell
Energy levels increase by the period
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Groups 1B-8B Transition Metals
Brightly colored, ductile metals. Less
reactive. Different columns different numbers
of electrons in outer shell. Examples Chromium
(Cr) Nickel (Ni) Gold (Au) Copper
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Semimetals Groups 3A-6A (along the zig zag line)
Properties of both metals and non-metals Some
are semi-conductors Group number indicates how
many electrons in the outer shell. Examples Boron
(B) Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Antimony (Sb)
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Semimetals Groups 3A-6A (along the zig zag line)
Boron (B) Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Astatine
(As) Antimony (Sb)
Group number indicates the number of electrons in
the outer shell.
As
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 4
Group 5
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Group 7A Halogens
Nonmetals Brittle, dull, poor conductors of
electricity. Very reactive ionsForm salts with
Group 1 elements 7 electrons in the outer
shell. Examples Chlorine (Cl) Fluorine
(F) Bromine (Br) Iodine (I)
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Group 7A Halogens
7 electrons in the outer shell.
As you look down the group the number of energy
levels increases.
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Group 8A Inert Gases
Also called Noble gases Inert means inactive 8
electrons in the outer shell, which makes them
non-reactive Examples
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Group 8A Inert Gases
Bohr
Lewis
full outer shell, which makes them
non-reactive He only has the possibility of 2
electrons in outer energy level. All the others
have 8.
Each next period brings another energy level.
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Lanthanide, Actinide, TransUranium
Lanthanide also called Rare Earth Metals Actinide
and Transuranium are radioactive All part of IIIB
group Examples Cesium Uranium Plutonium