RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BOTSWNA

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• RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BOTSWNA
• Mr. Kesetsenao Molosiwa
• Acting Director of Energy Affairs

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Overview of energy sector in Botswana
• Renewable sources of energy
• Solar
• Biomass
• Energy efficiency and conservation
• Conclusions

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OVERVIEW OF BOTSWANA ENERGY SECTOR

• ENERGY IS CRUCIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
  OF THE ECONOMY
• ENERGY CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE NATIONAL
  GDP AND NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT
• THE HOUSEHOLD SECTOR IS THE LARGEST CONSUMER OF
  ENERGY, THE SECOND LARGEST IS TRANSPORT, THEN
  MINING, GOVERNMENT, TRADE AND HOTELS AND LASTLY
  MANUFACTURING

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ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW

• THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
  FORMULATION, DIRECTION AND COORDINATION OF THE
  NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY. IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN
  1984 UNDER THE MINISTRY OF MINERALS, ENERGY AND
  WATER RESOURCES (MMEWR)
• THE OVERALL POLICY GOAL FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR IS
  TO PROVIDE AFFORDABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
  AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES IN ORDER TO
  PROMOTE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• BOTSWANA POWER CORPORATION (BPC) WAS ESTABLISHED
  IN 1970 RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATION,TRANSMITION,
  DISTRIBUTION AND SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY
  NATION-WIDE.
• PRIVATE SECTOR IN 2007 THE GOVERNMENT REVIEWED
  THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT TO ACCOMMODATE
  INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS (IPPS)

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ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW

• characterized by both traditional and commercial
  energy sources
• 80 of households depend on fuelwood
• 47 of population have access to electricity
• About 60 and 20 annual coal production used for
  elect. generation and copper ore smelting
  respectively
• 20 coal consumed by both Government Institutions
  and manufacturing sector
• LPG and Paraffin mostly used by residential
  sector
• Per capita electricity consumption for the
  country is about 1800 KWh and per capita energy
  consumption is about 35 Gj

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ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES

• IN AN ENDEAVOR TO ADEQUATELY AND RELIABLY SUPPLY
  ENERGY AT LEAST COST TO THE ECONOMY AS WELL AS TO
  SUSTAINABLY UTILIZE ENERGY SOURCES, THE SUBSECTOR
  WILL PROMOTE THE USE OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE SOURCES
  OF ENERGY TO REDUCE RELIANCE ON IMPORTED ENERGY
  SOURCES AND ENCOURAGE ENERGY CONSERVATION AND
  SAVING IN ALL SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY.
• OVERALL OBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED WITH A
  VIEW TO FACILITATE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE ASPIRATIONS
  OF LONG TERM VISION FOR BOTSWANA (VISION 2016),
  THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 10 OBJECTIVES AND
  THE MINISTRY VISION
• TO FACILITATE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
• TO IMPROVE ACCESS AND AFFORDABILITY OF ENERGY
  SERVICES

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ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES

• TO ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
• TO ENSURE SECURITY OF SUPPLY AND DIVERSIFIED
  SUPPLY SOURCES
• TO FACILITATE GENDER EQUITY
• TO IMPROVE GOVERNANCE WITHIN THE ENERGY SECTOR

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NEW AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY (NRSE)
SUB-SECTOR

• BOTSWANA HAS ABUNDANT SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCES,
  RECEIVING OVER 3,200 HOURS OF SUNSHINE PER YEAR
  WITH AN AVERAGE INSOLATION ON A HORIZONTAL
  SURFACE OF 21MJ/M2. THE RATE OF INSOLATION IS ONE
  OF THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD
• BOTSWANA FOCUSED ON USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
  DURING EIGHTIES BY INSTALLING SOLAR WATER HEATERS
  ON HOUSES BUILT BY BOTSWANA HOUSING CORPORATION
  AND COUNCILS.
• CURRENTLY SOLAR ENERGY IS USED FOR SOLAR WATER
  HEATING AND SMALL SCALE ELECTRICITY GENERATION
  USING PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY
• CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATIONAL ENERGY SUPPLY IS
  INSIGNIFICANT DESPITE THE EXISTENCE OF FINANCING
  MECHANISM INDICATING THAT THERE ARE BARRIERS TO
  THE ADOPTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY

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NRSE CONTD

• BARRIERS INCLUDE, AMONGST OTHER THINGS
• - HIGH INITIAL CAPITAL COST OF THE SOLAR
  SYSTEMS
• - POOR QUALITY OF THE SYSTEMS
• - LACK OF AFTER-SALES SERVICE
• TARGETS FOR 2016
• CURRENTLY THE CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES
  IS 0.3 AND THE PLAN IS TO INCREASE IT TO 1 BY
  2016

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NRSE SUB-SECTOR STRATEGIES AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES

• IMPROVE AND SET STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOLAR
  EQUIPMENTS
• PROMOTE THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR BOTH POWER
  GENERATION AND WATER HEATING WHERE ECONOMICALLY
  FEASIBLE
• INTERGRATE GRID AND NON-GRID TECHNOLOGIES FOR
  RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
• IMPLEMENT THE RENEWABLE ENERGYBASED RURAL
  ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAMME.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
PROGAMME

• THE PROGRAMME IS FUNDED FOR 5 YEARS BY THE
  BOTSWANA
• GOVERNMENT AND UNDP GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
• THE PROGRAMME IS TARGETING HOUSEHOLDS,
  ENTERPRISES
• AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT/COUNCIL FACILITIES IN
  RURAL
• AREAS THIS INCLUDES CUSTOMERS IN OFF-GRID
  VILLAGES, GRID
• CONNECTED VILLAGES, HOUSEHOLDS OUTSIDE OF THE
  VILLAGE
• BOUNDARY, OR HOUSEHOLD IN A LOCALITY, CATTLE
  POST OF FARM.
• SPECIFIC PROGRAMME OUTCOMES ARE-
• RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WILL HAVE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE
  SOLAR PV ELECTRICITY AND CLEAN FUELS
• SOLAR PV WILL BE COST EFFECTIVE MEANS OF
  PROVIDING LIGHTING FOR MOST HOUSEHOLD AND MANY
  ENTERPRISES
• REDUCTION IN BOTSWANAS ENERGY RELATED CO2
  EMISSIONS BY PROMOTING RENEWABLE AND LOW
  GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)

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BIOMASS SUB-SECTOR

• Biomass promotes and ensures sustainable
  utilization of energy from plant and animal
  material (e.g. fuel wood, biogas)
• 80 of households depend on fuelwood.
• Many Government institutions especially primary
  schools still using fuelwood for cooking.
• Biofuels in the form of biogel are starting to
  make their mark in the energy sector.

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Why is Fuelwood Energy Important?

• Principal fuel of the rural and urban poor
• 2. Decentralized low cost - links with 4 MDGs
• on poverty, health, environment gender e.g.
• Improved more efficient use beneficial to poor
• Reduces expenditure on fuel
• Production, transformation distribution
  generates jobs and creates micro, small medium
  scale enterprises
• Biomass agriculture
• Agriculture key income source for poor
• Solves problem of collection
• Biomass health/environment
• Improved efficient use reduces indoor air
  pollution
• Biomass, gender children
• Main collectors direct users in Africa are
  women and children

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BIOMASS SUB-SECTOR

• BIO- ENERGY MODERN TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEEN PURSUED
  WITH
• SPECIAL INTEREST IN BIOGAS, BIO-DIESEL AND
  BIO-ETHANOL
• UTILISATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE
  METHANE GAS FOR HEATING AND POWER GENERATION
• UTILISE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION AND
  USE OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA AND OTHER
  FEEDSTOCKS
• CURRENTLY NO PRODUCTION EXCEPT FOR USE OF BIOGAS
  BY VERY FEW COMPANIES.
• BIOMASS SUB-SECTOR STRATEGIES AND PLANNED
  ACTIVITIES
• EXPLOIT BIOFUELS, BIOFUELS SHOULD CONTRIBUTE 10
  TO THE TOTAL PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOP BIOFUELS
• FACILITATE JATROPHA PLANTATIONS
• DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY STRATEGY ON GOING
  (WITH ASSISTANCE FROM GTZ)

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Energy Efficiency Projects

• Focus on Energy efficiency was initiated in the
  year 2000. However in recent years Botswana has
  put lot of focus on energy efficiency
  programmes.
• Project on Energy Efficiency in Building Sector
  was started in 2005 with technical and financial
  support of DANIDA.
• Less efforts are made for industrial sector.
  Though Energy Audit for some selected industries
  is conducted . Therefore, a lot needs to be done.
  
• Energy Audit program will be taken up on large
  scale during National Development plan 10 of the
  country and energy efficiency strategy will be
  developed for industrial sector.

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Energy Efficiency in Building Sector

• The project on energy efficiency in building
  sector started in 2005 and completed in 2008.
• Energy efficient building design guidelines
  prepared and provided to various organizations
  responsible for building design and construction.
• Chapter on Energy is incorporated on New Building
  Regulations which are now being finalized.

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Energy Efficiency in Building Sector

• Various training programs organized for
  architects and engineers for energy efficiency in
  building sectors
• Curriculum and course material on energy
  efficiency developed for engineering classes of
  the University of Botswana and for Advanced
  Diploma classes.

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Energy Champion Competition

• Botswana has launched first Energy Champion
  Competition on 15th May 2008. This competition is
  first of its kind in Africa.
• Objective of the competition is to reduce energy
  consumption by Behavioral change only i.e. by not
  incorporating any modification in the system or
  changing any equipment/devices / or technology
  for energy saving.
• Energy Champion Competition will run for one year
  duration and monthly energy consumption is
  recorded and organizations are encouraged for
  energy saving. The competition will be concluded
  in May 2009
• Presently 6 schools and 5 offices from different
  part of the country are participating in this
  competition. Thus in all 1 organizations are
  participating.

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Energy Efficiency Strategy

• Presently work is going on for developing energy
  efficiency strategy for Botswana with special
  focus on building sector.
• It is expected that the energy efficiency
  strategy will be finalized by June 2009.

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IN CONCLUSION

• THE NEXT 2 3 YEARS ARE MAJOR CHALLENGE IN THE
  ENERGY SECTOR
• MAJOR INVESTMENTS ARE REQUIRED IN RENEWABLE
  ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY SECTOR (PRIVATE AND
  PUBLIC)
• APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY UTILIZED TO MITIGATE
  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• BEST INTERNATIONAL PRACTISE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
• A ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IS
  CRITICAL
• A ROBUST LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK IS VITAL
• BOTSWANA HAS A GREAT POTENTIAL FOR THE
  EXPLOITATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SUCH AS SOLAR
  AND BIOFUELS MAINLY ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL