CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• Heart Anatomy

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General

• Closed System
• Blood Remains in Blood Vessels Heart
• Double System
• Four Chambers (Separation of Oxygenated
  Deoxygenated Blood)
• Heart is Double Organ
• Pulmonary Circuit (Heart ? Lungs ? Heart)
• Systemic Circuit (Heart ?Body Tissues ? Heart)

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Heart Size Location

• Size Adult Clenched Fist
• Position Mediastinum, 2/3 to Left of Midline
• Relationships to Other Organs
• Medial to Lungs
• Superior to Diaphragm
• Anterior to Esophagus, Descending Aorta

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Heart Surface Anatomy

• Sulci
• Grooves, Indicate Boundaries of Chambers
• Coronary Sulcus (Between Atria Ventricles)
• Interventricular Sulci (Between Ventricles)
• Apex (Inferior, Pointed Tip)
• Base (Superior end of Heart, Point of Attachment
  for Great Vessels)

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Heart - Chambers

• Atria (2)
• Superior Receiving Chambers (From Veins)
• Auricles (ear-like flaps)
• Right Atrium
• O2 Poor Blood From Venae Cavae Coronary Sinus
  (Systemic Circ.)
• Left Atrium
• O2 Rich Blood From Pulmonary Veins of Lungs

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Heart Chambers continued

• Ventricles (2)
• Inferior Pumping Chambers (to Arteries)
• Receive from Atria
• Right Ventricle
• O2 Poor Blood from Rt Atrium to Pulmonary
  Arteries (Pulmonary Circ.)
• Left Ventricle
• O2 Rich Blood from Left Atrium to Aorta (Systemic
  Circ.)

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Heart - Valves

• One-Way, Direct Blood Flow
• Passive blood pushes them closed
• 2 Pairs
• Atrioventricular (Cuspid) Valves
• Between Atria Ventricles
• Tricuspid (Right)
• Bicuspid (left)

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Atrioventricular Valves cont.

• AV Valves are anchored to structures in the
  ventricles
• Chordae Tendineae
• Strong, Fibrous Strings
• Prevent Cusp Eversion
• Papillary Muscle
• Conical Extensions of Myocardium in Ventricles
• Contract pull on chordae tendinae

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AV (MITRAL) VALVES
OPEN
CLOSED
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Heart - Valves

• Semilunar Valves
• Between Ventricles Arteries
• Prevent blood from back flow into ventricles
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (Right)
• Aortic Semilunar Valve (Left)

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SEMILUNAR VALVES
OPEN
CLOSED
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Heart - Wall

• 3 Layers
• Endocardium (Inner)
• Endothelium
• Lines Chambers, Valves, Septa, Blood Vessels
• Myocardium (Middle)
• Thickest Layer (Esp. in Left Ventricle!)
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
• Inherent Rhythmicity
• Trabeculae Carnae Ridges, Folds Bridges of
  Ventricular Myocardium

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Heart Wall continued

• Epicardium (Outer)
• Visceral Pericardium
• Serous Membrane
• Thin, Fibrous, Transparent

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Heart - Septa

• Internal Walls
• Separate Chambers
• 2 Septa
• Interatrial Septum (Between the Atria)
• Interventricular Septum (Between the Ventricles)

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Heart Pericardial Sac

• Parietal Pericardium
• Encloses Heart Bases of Great Vessels
• Composed of
• Inner Serous Coat/Serous Pericardium
• Parietal Visceral Pericardium
• Both Secrete Lubricating Pericardial Fluid into
• Pericardial Cavity (Space Between Serous Layers)

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Heart Pericardial Sac continued

• Outer Fibrous Coat
• Tough, Protective
• Reinforces Serous Coat

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