Reproductive System

1
Reproductive System
2
Review of Structure and Function
3
The Menstral Cycle
http//www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/ma
jorsbiology/ovarianuterine.html
4
Review of Structure and Function
5
Age Related Changes - Women
Ovaries - Number of Primary Oocytes Declines
with age Birth - 750,000 Puberty -
400,000 Age 30 - 75,000 Age 45 -
10,000 Decrease in secretion of Estrogens and
Progesterone Blood Levels Fairly Constant til
40 Declines Steadily til 60 Oldest Mother
age 66 Increased time between Menstration
Menopause - cessation of menses, loss of
fertility
6
Age Related Changes - Women
Uterus - By age 50 loss of 50 of mass Loss of
smooth muscle, replaced by conn.
Tissue Endometrium atrophies Vagina - Loss of
elasticity Decline in Lubricating
Secretions increase risk of infection Breast
Decline in mammary gland Increase in fat and
connective tissue
7
Age Related Changes - Men
Testes - No change in mass, General
age-related decline in testosterone
secretion atrophy of interstitial cells
(Leydig) Spermatogenesis continues but fecundity
declines decrease number and motility after age
50 Prostate - atrophy after age 50 (unless
benign hyperplasia) decline in secretions (semen
volume)
8
Older Fathers

• Mick Jagger (at 57)
• Rupert Murdoch (at 72)
• Michael Douglas (at 58)
• Rod Stewart (at 60)
• Paul McCartney (at 61)
• Eric Clapton (at 59)
• Julio Iglesias Sr. (father of the singer Julio,
  at 89)
• Anthony Quinn (at 81)
• Pablo Picasso (at 68)
• Luciano Pavarotti (twins at 67)
• Les Colley (at 92, 10 months)

9
Risks with older parenting

• Leukemia
• 88 increase risk in mothers over 40, compared to
  25-29
• Autism
• Doubles in parents over 40, compared to 20s
• Higher risk in males
• Downs Syndrome
• Quadruples in fathers over 50
• 1/1500 (20-24) 1/60 (40) 1/11 at 49

10
Age Related Dysfunction
Uterine Fibroids- (leiomyomas) Cancers - Ovary,
Endometrium, Uterus, Cervix, Breast 1 in 9
women develop breast cancer Prostate 1 in 6
men Testicular peaks in 20s/30s Uterine
Prolapse - extrusion of uterus through
cervix weakening of supporting ligaments
11
Age Related Dysfunction
Impotence - Erectile Dysfunction
(ED) Age-Related 25 of healthy men by
65 55 of healthy men by 75 75 of healthy
men by 80 Neural Control of smooth muscle
relaxation mediated by Nitric Oxide Viagara -
increases NO in Corpus cavernosa potentiates
the effects of NO
12
(No Transcript)