Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Napoleon

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Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration,
Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions
and Rebellions, and Napoleon

• Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides
• Taken straight from the state-issued study
  booklet
• (In other words, this is what the state wants you
  to know for the test!!!)
• Created and Compiled by Angel Cleary
• Grovetown High School

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• Renaissance
• Renaissance
• Florence
• Humanism
• Petrarch
• Erasmus
• Dante
• Machiavelli
• Renaissance Man
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Michelangelo

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Renaissance 1350-1650 A.D.
Im naked because the Renaissance artist who
created me, Michelangelo, wanted to glorify the
human body.
Renaissance Art 1450s

• Renaissance is French for rebirth
• Time period when European artists and
  philosophers rediscovered Greek and Roman ideas
  like realist art, philosophy and logic,
  mathematics, imitated it, and created new ideas.
• Began in Italian Peninsula in city-state of
  Florence
• Why? Italian merchant families, rich from their
  strategic location as a port for Mediterranean
  Sea silk road trade routes, commissioned art and
  literature works
• Medici, corrupt banking family, commissioned to
  be done in the style of the Greeks and Romans

Greek Art 300 B.C.
I am David, from David and Goliath Bible story.
No, I didnt go up against a giant in the buff.
I am a realist statue because I look real.
Except how am I talking without a head?
Italian Peninsula
Florence
Dont Mess with me. Unnerstand what Imma
sayyin?
Trade Routes
I am Julius Caesar, the first Roman Emperor. Im
a realist statue because I look.uh.real.
Roman Art 30 B.C.
Cosimo Medici The Original mafia Godfather
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Renaissance cont

• Humanism was a new Renaissance belief that human
  capabilities were limitless
• The Roman Catholic Church didnt like this new
  philosophy because most leaders felt it placed
  emphasis on man rather than on God
• Humanism also meant studying the ancient works of
  the Greeks and Romans that were lost during the
  Dark Ages, rather than what the church said was
  holy enough to study
• The language of the church and of scholars was
  Latin writing scholarly works in another
  language was a form of humanism, because it
  focused on a language other than the holy
  language of God
• Keeping the Bible in Latin helped the church keep
  control, because most people in Europe were
  illiterate and couldnt read Latin
• Petrarch 1300s Father of Humanism
• a philosopher poet in Italy
• collected Greek and Roman literary works by
  Cicero, homer, and Virgil
• Said humanism and Christianity can be combined
• Desiderius Erasmus - 1466-1536 A.D. Dutch
  humanist
• wrote Greek translations of the bible
• Said Bible should be written in vernacular

If God made us in his image, then doesnt it make
sense that we can do similar things as him?
Petrarch
If the Bible were written in each persons
native language, then they could read Gods word
for themselves!!!
If God made us in his image, then why are there
so many ugly people?
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Renaissance cont

• Dante Alighieri 1265-1321 wrote The Divine
  Comedy
• Its not a funny story, but is Greek for a play
  that has a happy ending
• Its Humanist because he wrote it in his native
  language Italian instead of Latin
• Also because in it he travels through the
  Catholic version of Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory
• In it he critiques the Catholic church by writing
  corrupt church members in Hell and Purgatory
• He also wrote love poetry glorifying Beatrice, a
  woman he never really met that is also humanist
  because love poetry should be about God and not
  earthly relationships

Botecellis concept of hell
Pope Nicholas! Come here often?
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Renaissance continued

• Nicolo Machiavelli 1265-1321 Florentine who
  wrote The Prince
• A book about how to be an effective ruler
• Said a ruler should not only be concerned about
  moral reasons for doing things but the end result
• So if the result of a law or war is favorable, if
  it helps the ruler keep power, then
• The end justifies the means
• Or do whatever it takes to get it done.

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Leonarnardo Da Vinci 1452 - 1519- The Real
Renaissance Man
Renaissance continued
Good Lord! OMG! Bless the meal already! Im
starving!

• A Renaissance man is good at everything he tries,
  like Da Vinci
• Lute player, architect, painter, dissected
  corpses and drew anatomy diagrams, engineering
  designs (link to Da Vinci inventions)
• Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
• The Medici family and the Catholic church
  commissioned, or paid for, many of his works

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Renaissance continued

• Michelangelo 1475-1564 painter, sculptor, poet
• Rival of Da Vinci in Florence and Rome painted
  mostly Christian themes
• Trained in humanist school founded by Medici
• Scultped Pieta Mary holding a crucified Jesus
• David from David and Goliath
• Cistine Chapel each picture contained a story
  from the Bible
• Most famous is The Creation

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Review Questions

• The first real Renaissance Man is considered to
  be
• Machiavelli
• Petrarch
• Michelangelo
• Da Vinci

A Renaissance man is good at everything he tries
Da Vinci was an excellent painter, sculptor,
poet, musician, and inventor
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• 2. The Prince is a humanist book written by
  Machiavelli that says
• A prince can only become king if he is a
  legitimate heir of the monarch
• A ruler should use whatever means to get the
  desired end result
• Not all rulers are effective but the ones who are
  show sympathy to their subjects
• The most practical way for a monarch to rule is
  to justify the decisions he makes to his people

Machiavelli came up with the theory that the end
justifies the means in other words, its okay
to ignore morals as long as the ruler holds on to
his power
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• 3. The Renaissance can be best characterized as a
  time when
• There were many new ideas created in Europe
• Italy became the most powerful place in Europe
• European artists and philosophers tried to
  imitate the works of the ancient Greeks and
  Romans
• People began to focus on humans rather than on God

Renaissance philosophers tried to revive ancient
texts from Rome by going on archeological
expiditions
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• 4. Dante, Petrarch, and Erasmus were all
• Influential Catholic humanist writers of the
  Renaissance
• Influential Catholic humanist painters of the
  Renaissance
• Influential Catholic humanist musicians of the
  Renaissance
• Influential Catholic humanist sculptors of the
  Renaissance

Petrarch was the father of Humanism Erasmus
called for early reforms of the Catholic church
and made a Greek Translation of the Bible Dante
wrote in his native language of Latin rather than
Greek
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• 6. The Renaissance got its start in Italy because
• Italians were more naturally artistic and musical
  than the rest of Europe
• Other rulers tried to put down any artists who
  painted scenes that were humanist
• Italy had a strategic position on the crossroads
  of the silk road in the middle of the
  Mediterranean Sea
• Italy didnt have mountains like Greece so it was
  easier to transport works of art from one
  city-state to another

Money from Mediterranean trade helped make
Italian city-states very powerful
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• 5. A Renaissance humanist would most likely agree
  with which statement?
• Humans are just as good as God
• Human capabilities are limitless
• Humans have limited abilities
• Humans have certain rights

Petrarch was the first to combine Christianity
with humanism saying that if people are created
in Gods image, then why couldnt their abilities
be infinite as well? He wasnt saying that humans
had Gods powers, but they had like-powers.