Roots of American Democracy

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Roots of American Democracy
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Focus (1)
Chapter 2 begins on page 26 of your
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Focus (2)
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Section 1-1
Our English Heritage
Terms to Know Parliament, legislature,
precedent, common law. ?

• Objectives
• Describe the development of Parliament. ?

• Explain how English government changed after the
  Glorious Revolution. ?
• Explain what is meant by an unwritten
  constitution. ?
• Discuss Englands system of common law.

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Our English Heritage

•  Henry III advised by parliaments
• 1300 Parliament became legislature

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• Legislature makes laws for a state or country
• Leg. Developed into 2 houses

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Glorious Revolution

•  1600s King James II deposed
• William and Mary became King

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• Parliaments more powerful than king
• Parliament allowed citizens to have power

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• 1689- Bill of Rights gave Parliament power
• make laws
• Raise taxes

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• 3. Control nations army
• 4. Set up system of elections

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Unwritten Constitution

•   Englands laws are not written down
•  Laws contained in documents
• Bill of Rights, Magna Carta, customs

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Common Law

• 1. People live by unwritten laws
• 2. Court decisions used as basis of law

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•   3. Similar cases get similar results
• 4. This system evolved, not planned    Some laws
  today are based on Common law

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• 5. Precedent- ruling from earlier case that was
  similar
• 6.  Common law was based on precedent

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Section 1 Assessment 1
How did the English Parliament develop?
It started as an advisory board to the king,
developed into a legislature, then into a
two-house lawmaking body, and then into citizen
rule through the legislature.
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Section 1 Assessment 2
How did the government of England change after
the Glorious Revolution?
The people, not the monarch, became the source of
Parliaments power. The English Bill of Rights
was also written at this time.
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Section 1 Assessment 3
What is meant by an unwritten constitution?
An unwritten constitution is based on customs and
various written documents, but no single document
contains a master plan for the government.
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Section 1 Assessment 4
What is English common law?
English common law is a system of law based on
precedent.
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Section Trans 1-1
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Section 2-1
The Colonial Experience
Terms to Know colony, colonists, compact, town
meeting ?

• Objectives
• Explain the importance of the House of Burgesses.
  ?

• Discuss the importance of the Mayflower Compact.
  ?
• Describe the similarities among English colonial
  governments. ?
• Explain why the colonists began to develop a new
  sense of identity as Americans.

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Colonial Experience

•   Colony- people in one place who are ruled by a
  government in another place

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• Colonists- Those living in a colony
• Distance gave rise to Colonists wanting to rule
  themselves

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• 1607 Jamestown colonists form House of Burgess
•  

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• 1. House of Lords- nobles
• 2. House of Commons- reps. From town counties

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• Burgesses representatives from each town or
  plantation met with governor
• 1st attempt to have rep. Government

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Mayflower Compact

• 1620 Plymouth founded
• Formed written plan of government
• On ship before arriving

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• Compact- agreement among people
• Called for just and equal laws
•   Pledged to obey laws

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• Direct democracy established through town
  meetings
•  

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Section 2 Assessment 1
What was the House of Burgesses and why was it
important?
The House of Burgesses was the representative
government for Jamestown. It was the first
legislature in colonial America.
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Section 2 Assessment 2
Why was the Mayflower Compact an important
document?
The Mayflower Compact established a tradition of
direct democracy that remained strong in New
England.
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Section 2 Assessment 3
How were the governments of English colonies
similar?
Each colony had a governor and a legislature.
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Section 2 Assessment 4
Why did the colonists begin to develop a sense of
identity as Americans?
The colonists began to develop a sense of
identity because Britain wanted to control the
thriving economies in the colonies, making
colonists aware of the need to separate from
English rule.
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display the answer.
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Section Trans 2-1
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Section Trans 2-2
Chapter 2, Section 2
What influence do you think the national origins
of the colonists had on patterns of settlement?
People from the same country or region often
tended to settle close together.
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display the answer.
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Section 3-1
Toward Independence
Terms to Know mercantilism, boycott, repeal,
delegate, congress, independence ?

• Objectives
• Discuss the American colonists reaction to
  British taxes. ?

• Discuss the roles of the First Continental
  Congress and the Second Continental Congress in
  the movement toward independence. ?
• Explain the basic ideas found in the Declaration
  of Independence.

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• As colonies grew so did various forms of
  governments. Each had governor and legislature
•  

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British or American

• Considered British colonists but governed
  themselves. They built the towns, became source
  of wealth for Britain.
•  

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Britain

• Mercantilism-theory that a country should sell
  more goods to other countries than it buys.

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• The U.S. was a source of cheap materials which
  were used to manufacture goods
•  

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Taxes

• Stamp Act- expensive tax stamp to newspapers and
  legal documents

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• Colonists respond
• No taxation without representation

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• Began Boycotting or refusing to buy British goods
•  Stamp act is cancelled

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Intolerable Acts
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• Restrict right to jury
• British soldiers allowed to search colonist
  homes
• Soldiers could move into their homes
•  

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• First Continental Congress
• 13 colonies sent delegates to a meeting in
  Philadelphia

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•    Congress is a formal meeting at which
  delegates discuss matters of common concern

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•   Document sent to Britain demanding to have
  rights restored

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•   Made plans to extend boycott
• King George III refused to hear requests/protests

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•   Battles of Lexington and Concord in Mass.
• Led to increase support of independence
•  
•  

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• Independence
•   Means self reliance and freedom from outside
  control
•    Ben Franklin representative of the colonist
•  

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Section 3 Assessment 1
How did American colonists react to British taxes?
The Americans protested and boycotted British
goods.
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display the answer.
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Section 3 Assessment 2
What roles did the First Continental Congress and
the Second Continental Congress play in the
movement toward independence?
The First Continental Congress sent a document to
King George III demanding that the Intolerable
Acts be repealed. The Second Continental
Congress commissioned Thomas Jefferson to write
the Declaration of Independence, a document that
explained why Americans had the right to be
independent from Britain.
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display the answer.
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Section 3 Assessment 3
What are the basic ideas found in the Declaration
of Independence?

• The basic ideas in the Declaration of
  Independence are
• all people are equal
• people have certain natural rights

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Section 4-1
The Nations First Governments
Terms to Know interpret, confederation, ratify,
amend ?

• Objectives
• Explain the basic provisions of early state
  constitutions. ?

• Identify the major weaknesses of the
  confederation formed under the Articles of
  Confederation. ?
• Discuss the significance of Shayss Rebellion.

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• Second Continental Congress
•   Debate on loyalty to Britain or Independence
•   Majority want independence

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• Declaration of Independence
•   Thomas Jefferson was the major contributor
•   Announcement of the colonist right to be
  independent

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• 3.  Jean-Jacques Rousseau- all people are created
  equal
• 4.  John Locke- people have certain natural
  rights
• Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

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• 5. Declaration states how Britain does not look
  after the interests of the colonist or protect
  their rights
• 6. Approved July 4, 1776

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• How did the attitudes of the delegates to the
  First Continental Congress differ from those of
  the Second Continental Congress?
•  

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Section 4 Assessment 1
What were the basic provisions of early state
constitutions?
Each state constitution set up a government
similar to the colonial government that had come
before it. Each state had a legislature, a
governor, and a system of courts.
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Section 4 Assessment 2
What were the major weaknesses of the
Confederation formed under the Articles?

• The major weaknesses of the Articles were
• Congress could not pass a law without the
  approval of nine states
• amending the Articles required a unanimous vote
• Congress did not have the power to enforce its
  laws
• Congress was unable to collect taxes

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Section 4 Assessment 3
What was the significance of Shayss Rebellion?
Shayss Rebellion made it clear that the states
needed to set up a stronger central government.
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Section Trans 4-1
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Section Trans 4-2
Chapter 2, Section 4
Why did the government under the Articles of
Confederation seldom have the funds it needed to
pay its debts and cover the costs of normal
operations?
Under the Articles, Congress had no powers to
gather money, specifically the power to levy and
collect taxes.
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display the answer.