UNDP Publication

1
UNDP Publication in support of the Millennium
Development Goals Goal 7 Ensure environmental
sustainability
2
WATER A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTANS
FUTURE

•  

The Objectives The Structure Authors Group Main
Sources Acknowledgement
Umid Abdullaev UZGIP (Uzgipromeliovodkhoz )
Institute
3

• Publication Structure
• Summary
• Chapter 1. Water in Global and Regional Context
• Chapter 2. Water - A Critical Resources for
  Uzbekistan
• Chapter 3. Water Resource Management and Use
• Chapter 4. Transboundary Water Resources
  Management Problems
• Chapter 5. IWRM Is Future of Water Resource of
  Uzbekistan

4
WATER A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTANS
FUTURE
5
Water in Global Perspective

• Global Water Crisis Facts
• Only 0.4 of the worlds water is accessible
  to people currently more than 2 billion people
  in more than 40 countries have a lack of water
  (GWP, 2002 )
• 70-90 the amount of fresh water used to grow
  crops in developing countries (IWMI, 2005)
• around 1.1 billion people have no access to
  safe drinking water every year around 2 million
  children die of sea water-borne diseases alone
  (UN, 2004)
• over the past decade many more people have
  died as a result of polluted water than from AIDS
  or as a result of military conflict (UN,2004).

6
Water in Regional Context
Growing Concern

• water scarcity and water resources
  contamination in time and in space
• deterioration of water and energy
  infrastructures and inefficient management and
  rapid growth of maintenance costs irrational
  distribution of water leading to waste and
  shortage
• growth of tension between the upper and lower
  river reaches and an increase in intersectoral
  conflicts threaten human beings and ecosystem
  functions which are the basis of public welfare
• the expected growth in economic activity will
  cause increasing pressure on river runoff and
  global climate and water deficiency problems will
  become more and more critical.

7
Change of Water Demands Due to Climate Change
The Problem

• Glaciers have already lost 115.5 km3 of their
  reserves or approximately 20 of the total
  reserve at the level of 1957
• Change in flow generation components, etc.

Its Impact Increase in the weather
extremes and severity of mudflow and droughts
Changes in the time of spring flooding
Increase in the leaching /pre-irrigation and
irrigation rates up to 10 Increase in the
intensity of the dust storms and salt transfer
processes, etc
Who is impacted?
Inhabitant and environment, towns settlements
Infrastructure, river and irrigation complex
facilities Agroecosystems and agriculture and
water sectors, etc Natural ecosystems
especially in the lowlands ,etc
8
Regional Management Structure and Institutions
Structure of the International Fund for Saving of
the Aral Sea (IFAS)
9
Status and Infrastructure of BVOs
Amudarya River Basin
Syrdarya River Basin
Problems and Needs
10
Joint Activities to Stabilize the Situation in
the Aral Sea Littoral Zone

• The first priority of the Intergovernmental
  Concept for Saving the Aral Sea Littoral Zone is
  follows

• creation of a controllable pond system on the
  dried bottom for the Amudarya river and control
  over part of the Small sea for the Syrdarya
  river
• creation of a polder system on the dried sea
  bottom
• carrying out phyto - ameliorative works to fix
  the drifting sands
• discharge of the collector and drainage waters
  into the sea aquatorium through the scattered
  zones in sands.

11
Joint Management of Water and Energy Resources
in the CAR Progress and Problems

• Regional agreements and its implementation
  in the transit period
• Growth of tension in streamflow
  redistributions
• by seasons - energy-irrigation
• by river length - upper-low reaches
• Monitoring and water use control issues
• Perspectives of regional cooperation and
  partnership.

12
WATER A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTANS
FUTURE

• The Main Dilemma for Republic of Uzbekistan

• the highest water demand for satisfaction needs
  of 26 million population and ecosystem
  conservation
• limited possibilities to directly influence the
  regime and volume of water flow , because the
  country is located in the middle and low reaches
  of transboundary rivers
• deterioration of the water quality, especially
  in the low river reaches, etc

13
Approved Volumes of Available Water Resources for
Uzbekistan, km3
Internal Runoff, ??3
14
Global and Regional Partnership

• The Republic of Uzbekistan is
• a party to three Rio Conventions, as well as a
  number of other international conventions,
  protocols and agreements
• a party to bilateral and multilateral agreements
  and a participant in regional initiatives in the
  Central Asia
• a member of the Global Water Partnership and
  Regional Water Partnership of Central Asia and
  Transcaucasia Unites
• participates in the Sub-Regional Program and
  regional initiatives, etc

15
Donor Activities
Donor Assistances by Sectors
Donor Contributions to Uzbekistan
Around 73 of all donor funding was provided to
the water and health sectors
16
Irrigation and Drainage

• Irrigation in Uzbekistan Before Independence
• The extensive development of virgin lands and
  creation of the huge water complexes for cotton
  production
• Water mismanagement and ill-considered use of
  water and natural resources.

• Irrigation and Drainage during Transition Period
• Deterioration of the fixed assets of irrigation
  systems and OM system, and rapid growth of
  infrastructure maintenance costs
• Deterioration/loss of the resource base for
  agricultural production costs the country
  approximately 1.0 billion annually (WB, 2003)
• The annual loss of agricultural production in
  Uzbekistan due to land salinity/degradation is
  estimated at 31 million, and losses caused by
  land abandonment (due to its high salinity) are
  approximately 12 million (ADB,2005).

17
Water Problems by Syrdarya River Basins
Water deficit during summer in the Fergana valley
reaches up to 1.5 km3/year
New ecological and socio-economic threats and
risks
Raising of the groundwater table and associated
processes of waterlogging, soil salinization and
underflooding
Water probability in the middle reaches does not
exceeding of 65-70
Depletion and pollution of the fresh
underground water reserves
The total water deficit for Uzbekistan in the
Syrdarya river basin is estimated as 2.5
km3/year.
18
Water Problems by Amudarya River Basins
Exhaustion and pollution of the Kashkadarya and
Zarafshan rivers runoff
Wear out of KKPC and ABK equipment capacity
limits water intake from Amudarya on 2 km3.
Water shortage and deterioration of water quality
for drinking water supply and irrigation
Disturbing the structure and functions of
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems particularly
in middle and low reaches
The total water deficit for Uzbekistan in the
Amudarya river basin is 1.5 -3.0 km3/year,
depending on water availability in a particular
year.
19
Future Water Supply and Demand
The Common Tasks

• to provide water demand for needs of the growing
  population and ecosystem conservation
• to prevent ecosystem degradation
• to overcome changes that may disturb the life
  support system reproduces the food products,
  biomass and different types of the ecological
  services.

The future water demand by 2025 is estimated as
72.4 km3, that corresponds to the total available
water resources established by the Interstate
Agreement of 1992. The required investments for
the rehabilitation of ID infrastructure in the
mid- and long-term is 24.5 billion, excluding
the cost of developing new lands (GEF/WB,2002).
20

• THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION