Communities & Biomes

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Communities Biomes
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Limiting Factor

• Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the
  existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution
  of organisms

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Examples of limiting factors

• A.    Availability of food water
• B.     Predation
• C.     Temperature timberline
• D.    Sunlight
• E.     Climate
• F.     Space

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Cascade Mountain
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Tolerance

• The ability of organisms to withstand
  fluctuations in biotic and abiotic factors

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Timberline on Mount Shasta
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Succession

• The orderly, natural changes and species
  replacements that take place over time
• e.g. abandoned parking lot over 30 years

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Types of Succession

• Primary
• Secondary

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Primary Succession

• The colonization of barren land
• (no living organisms exist there) by
• pioneer species
• Due to
• Fire
• Flood
• Volcano

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Primary Succession

• Pioneer species (Lichens mosses) break up rock
  into soil
• Ferns weeds further break up soil
• Seeds are carried by animals or blown by the wind

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Secondary Succession

• The sequence of changes that takes place after an
  existing community is severely disrupted in some
  way (fire, flood, etc)
• PREVIOUS LIVING ORGANISMS AND SOIL ARE PRESENT

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Climax community

• A stable, mature community that undergoes little
  or no change in species
• a.      Can last hundreds of years
• b.     Climax communities occur quicker through
  secondary succession because soil is already
  formed (primary succession takes longer due to
  soil formation)

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Biomes
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TheTerrestrial Biomes

• Tropical Rainforest
• Tropical Dry Forest
• Tropical Savanna
• Temperate Grassland
• Desert
• Temperate Woodland Shrubland
• Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Temperate Coniferous Forest
• Temperate Rainforest
• Taiga
• Tundra

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The Aquatic Biomes

• Freshwater
• Estuaries
• Marine
• Aquatic Biomes are determined by depth, flow,
  temperature, chemistry of the overlying water

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Freshwater Biomes

• Flowing water
• Rivers streams
• Standing water
• Lakes ponds
• Wetlands
• Bogs, marshes, swamps
• Water covers the soil for part of the year

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Estuaries

• Salt-marshes mangrove swamps
• Form where fresh salt water mix
• Called brackish water

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Marine

• Zonation of water by depth
• Photic zone light can penetrate
• Aphotic zone light DOES NOT reach
• Benthic zone ocean floor
• Zonation of water by distance from the shore
• Intertidal zone
• Coastal (Neritic) zone
• Open ocean

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