Title: System of Rice Intensification (SRI) -
1System of Rice Intensification (SRI) - Less can
Produce more
Dr. A. SATYANARAYANA Director of Extension
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural
University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
2Modern Agriculture
- Overly Genocentric
- Productivity gains were possible with increased
- use of inputs Fertilizers, Pesticides,
Water etc. - They are now giving
- Diminishing returns
- Creating environmental hazards, health risks
- Rising costs of production
321st Century Agriculture needs to be
- More productive in terms of
- - Land, Labour, Water, Capital, Energy,
inputs - More environmentally benign
- More robust in the face of climate change
- More socially beneficial
- - reducing poverty, greater food security
4Biological power and Eco-agriculture should be
basic foundations for soil health
- Micro organisms and other soil biota as
- creators and maintainers of soil fertility
- Greater attention to plants roots
5 The basic idea of SRI
Rice plants do best when their - roots
can grow large because the plants are
transplanted carefully at wider
spacing and grown on soil that is
kept well aerated with abundant and
diverse soil microorganisms
6The contribution of soil microbial activity need
to be taken more seriously
The microbial flora causes a large number of
biochemical changes in the soil that largely
determine the fertility of soil (De Datta, 1981)
7System of Rice Intensification (SRI) a way out
8- SRI offers increased factor productivity of
-
- Land
- Labour
- Water
9- Rice is the most important food crop of India
- Rice has been identified as Growth Engine under
vision 2020 of Andhra Pradesh - The area and production of rice is coming down in
recent years due to lack of sufficient water in
irrigation systems - SRI has the potential to meet the challenge by
virtue of its capacity to double or even triple
the productivity and less water requirement
10- SRI was first developed in Madaskar during
1980s - Not known outside Madagaskar until 1997
- Its potential is under testing in China,
Indonesia, Combodia, Thailand, Bangladesh,
Sri Lanka, India - In A.P, SRI is experimented all the 22
districts with encouraging results
- Over 1,00,000 farmers are experimenting with this
system world wide at present - Few thousands of acres are under SRI in the
very second season in AP
11- SRI Technology uses
- Less external inputs
- Less seed (2 kg/ac)
- Fewer plants per unit area (25 x 25 cm)
- Less chemical fertilizer
- More organic manures
- Less pesticides
12- SRI is initially labour intensive
- Needs 50 more man days for transplanting and
weeding - Mobilises labour to work for profit
- It offers an alternative to resource poor, who
puts in their family labour - Once skills are learnt and implements are used,
the labour costs will be lesser than the present
day Rice cultivation
13- SRI encourages rice plant to grow healthy with
- Large root volume
- Profuse and strong tillers
- Non-lodging
- Big panicle
- More and well filled spikelets and higher grain
weight - Resists insects
- Because it allows Rice to grow
naturally
14Root growth
- Root growth can be massive in response to SRI
practices - 3 hills under conventional method required 28 kg
of force to be pulled up - Single SRI rice plants required 53 kg for
uprooting -
15(No Transcript)
16Tillering is greatly increased
- 30 tillers per plant are fairly easy to achieve
- 50 tillers per plant are quite attainable
- With really good use of SRI, individual plants
can have 100 fertile tillers or even more - Because no set back due to early
transplanting and no die back of roots - Maximum tillering occurs concurrently with
panicle initiation - With SRI positive correlation is found between
the number of panicles per plant and number of
grains per panicle
17(No Transcript)
18(No Transcript)
19(No Transcript)
20(No Transcript)
21(No Transcript)
22Rice plant
- Everybody believe that Rice is an aquatic plant
and grows best in standing water - Rice is not an aquatic plant, it can survive in
water but does not thrive under hypoxic
conditions - Rice plants spends lot of its energy to
develop air pockets (aerenchyma tissue) in its
roots under continuous inundation - 70 of Rice root tips get degenerated by
flowering period - Under SRI paddy fields are not flooded but keep
the soil moist during vegetative phase - SRI requires only about half as much water as
normally applied in irrigated rice
23Conventional system with more water
24Intermittent wetting and drying and Aeration
25SIX MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES FOR SRI
- EARLY TRANSPLANTING
- seedlings 8-12 days old,
- when plant has only
- two small leaves,before
- fourth phyllochron
- 2. CAREFUL TRANSPLANTING
- Minimize trauma in transplanting
- Remove plant from nursery with the
- seed, soil and roots carefully and
- place it in the field without plunging
- too deep into soil
- More tillering potential
- More root growth potential
- More tillering potential
-
26(No Transcript)
27(No Transcript)
28(No Transcript)
29After 12 days in nursery the plant height is 7.7
inches (18.8cm) Length of main root is 5
inches (12.7 cm) 4 leaves 8 small roots
30(No Transcript)
31(No Transcript)
32(No Transcript)
33(No Transcript)
34Diagram of possible stalks of a rice shoot stalks
grow following a regular cycle (phyllochron)
35 Contd..
- WIDE SPACING
-
- plant single seedlings,
- not in clumps, and in
- a square pattern, not rows,
- 25cm x 25cm or wider
-
- 4. WEEDING AND AERATION
- needed because no standing water use
simple mechanical rotating hoe that churns up
soil 2 weedings required, with 4 recommended
before panicle initiation first weeding 10 days
after transplanting -
- More root growth potential
- More root growth, due to reduced weed
competition, and aeration of soil, giving roots
more oxygen and N due to increased microbial
activity we left in soil can add 1tons per
weeding? Each additional weeding after two rounds
results in increased productivity up to 2
t/ha/weeding
36(No Transcript)
37Contd..
- WATER MANAGEMENT
- regular water applications to
- keep soil moist but not saturated,
- with intermittent dryings,alternating
- aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions
-
- COMPOST/FYM
-
- applied instead of or in addition to
- chemical fertilizer 10 tons/ha
-
-
- More root growth because avoids root degeneration
able to acquire more and more varied nutrients
from the soil -
-
- More plant growth because of better soil health
and structure, and more balanced nutrient supply -
38(No Transcript)
39Green Manure crop (Sunhemp)
40Crop residues
41Crop residues
42Nursery Management
- Seed rate 2 kg/ac
- Nursery area 1 cent/ac
- Select healthy seed
- Pre-sprouted seeds are sown on raised nursery
bed - Prepare nursery bed like garden crops
- Apply a layer of fine manure
- Spread sprouted seed sparcely
- Cover with another layer of manure
- Mulch with paddy straw
- Water carefully
- Banana leaf sheath may be used for easy lifting
and transport of seedlings
43(No Transcript)
44Main field preparation
- Land preparation is not different from regular
irrigated rice cultivation - Levelling should be done carefully so that water
can be applied very evenly - At every 3 m distance form a canal to facilitate
drainage - With the help of a marker draw lines both way at
25 x 25 cm apart and transplant at the
intersection
45PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN COASTAL AREA
YIELD( Kg/ha)
46PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN TELANGANA AREA
YIELD( Kg/ha)
47PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN RAYALASEEMA
YIELD( Kg/ha)
48PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI REPORTED BY DOA
YIELD( Kg/ha)
49Performance of SRI in AP- Kharif 2003
50Performance of SRI in AP- Kharif 2003 (Trials
organized by State DOA)
No. of trials - 69 Average SRI yield
(t/ha) - 8.36 Control (t/ha) - 4.89 State
average productivity (t/ha) - 3.87 5 districts
averaged over 10 t/ha
51Report on SRI Cultivation Name of the Farmer
Mr.A.Jayasurya Reddy Address Tarimala
Village, Singanamala Mandal
Anantapur district, Andhra
Pradesh Season Rainy season 2003 Area under
SRI 0.2 ha Variety BPT 5204
52Report on SRI Cultivation Name of the Farmer
Mr.K.Venka Subba Reddy Address Konidedu
Village, Panyam Mandal
Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh Season
Rainy season 2003 Area under SRI 840
m2 Variety BPT 5204
53Report on SRI Cultivation Name of the Farmer
Mr.Rakesh Address EdulapalliVillage, Kotturu
Mandal Mahabubnagar
district, Andhra Pradesh Variety BPT
5204 Area under SRI 0.8 ha
() Only organic manures were applied
54Report on SRI Cultivation National Seed Project,
ANGRAU, Hyderabad Variety BPT 5204 Area
under SRI 0.2 ha
SRI crop matured 10 days earlier
55Report on SRI Cultivation Name of the Farmer
Mr.T.Sambi Reddy Address Bhadirajupalem
Village,
ThotlavallurMandal
Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh Area
under SRI 0.2 ha Variety BPT 5204
56SRI is counter - Intuitive
Less can produce more Younger seedlings becomes
larger and more productive Fewer plants/hill and
per m2 give more yield Less water can give
greater yield
57SRI utilizes Biological Power
- Rice root system grown under SRI i.e., aerated
soil do not degenerate, are much larger and
function better - Soils that are aerated and well supplied with
organic matter can support longer and diverse
populations of soil micro organisms, which inturn
mobilizes nutrients to the plant - Phytohormones produced by bacteria and fungi
living in soils and roots promote root growth and
the health of the plants - Root exudates provide food to microorganisms
- Application of fertilizers and other agro
chemicals has inhibiting effect on soil biota
58Benefits of SRI
1. Higher yields Both grain and straw 2.
Reduced duration (by 10 days) 3. Lesser chemical
inputs 4. Less water requirement 5. Less chaffy
grain 6. Grain weight increased without change
in grain size 7. Higher head rice recovery 8.
Withstood cyclonic gales 9. Cold tolerance 10.
Soil health improves through biological activity
59- Future needs
- Research to produce different models for
different situations - To promote SRI by way of making information
available - To organise a few demonstrations with farmers
participation
60Swarna under SRI
61THANK YOU