International Connection Opportunities for VLBI

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International Connection Opportunities for VLBI

• James Williams
• TransPAC Executive Investigator
• Indiana University
• williams_at_iu.edu

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Presentation Outline

• Some general observations
• Status of national networks
• International connection points
• International network initiatives
• Non-infrastructure concerns

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Some General Observations

• National network bandwidth increasing rapidly
• Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific networking
  costs are decreasing, but will reach a limit
• New cable construction unlikely for a time, but
  increased speeds possible
• Intra-region connectivity growing
• Application demand growing but current networks
  not stressed

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National Networks

• GEANT
• SURFnet
• SuperSINET
• GEMNET
• Abilene
• CAnet4
• See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html

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GEANThttp//www.dante.org.uk

• Consortium of NRNs in Europe
• 10Gbps European backbone
• NRN access at 2.5Gbps
• 2x2.5Gbps across Atlantic
• Interconnecting in NYC

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SURFnethttp//www.surfnet.nl/

• 2x622Mbps to StarLight (production)
• Lambda for research (2.5Gbps)
• StarLight counterpart in Amsterdam

Source Erik-Jan Bos
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SuperSINET Sites
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Jan. 2002 Oct. 2002 Oct. 2003
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SuperSINET Sites

• University / Institute
• Tohoku University
• High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
  (KEK)
• The University of Tokyo
• The Institute of Medical Science (IMS), The
  university of Tokyo
• NII Hitotsubashi
• NII Chiba
• National Astronomical Observatory (NAO)
• The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
  (ISAS)
• National Institute of Genetics (NIG)

• Nagoya University
• National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS)
• Kyoto University
• Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto
  University
• Osaka University
• Hubs
• Tokyo Hub
• Nagoya Hub
• Osaka Hub

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SINET and SuperSINET(Oct. 2002, Planned)
Okinawa
Niigata
Sapporo
Kitami
Kagoshima
Kanazawa
Sendai
Tottori
Hirosaki
Nagano
Kumamoto
Matsuyama
Kyoto
Tsukuba
NII Chiba
Chiba
NII Hitotsubashi
SuperSINET
Kitakyushu
Koganei
Yamaguchi
Meguro
Chofu
Fukuoka
Hiroshima
Kobe
Osaka
Nagoya
Tokyo
Yokohama
ISAS
Maebashi
Okayama
Tokushima
Okazaki
Nagasaki
Yamanashi
Saitama
N.B. All of the SINET and Super SINET nodes are
not shown here.
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GEMNET

• NTT Labs-owned and operated network
• Connects NTT Research Labs in Japan
• Plus several radio telescope installations
• Plus U. Kyoto and U. Tokyo
• 2.4Gbps circuits
• 33Mbps connection to US, of which 10Mb PVC to
  Abilene, also to STAR TAP

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NTTs RE Network - GEMnet

• NTTs GEMnet
• Activities of NTT RD
• R/E network for non-commercial experiments
• Member of UCAID for experiments on Abilene

CAnet II
STAR TAP
MREN
Japan
6.5 M
33 Mbps
6.5 M

Abilene
San Jose facilities

• Connected with
• Abilene
• MREN
• CALREN2
• CAnet II
• JGN (Japan Gigabit
• Network)
• Also to South America
• Via REUNA AMPATH
• To Chile

1.5 Mbps
Japan

NTT Musashino RD Center
Malaysia facilities (NTT MSC)

Otemachi Facilities

35 Mbps

NTT Yokosuka RD Center
To the USA


GEMnet connection point
NTT Keihan-na RD Center
To Malaysia
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Abilene International Peering
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Possible CAnet 4 Topology
January 1, 2002
Edmonton
Prince George
Saskatoon
Winnipeg
Vancouver
Calgary
Regina
Halifax
Thunder Bay
Kamloops
St. John's
Victoria
Quebec City
Charlottetown
Sudbury
Spokane
Seattle
Montreal
Ottawa
Fredericton
Halifax
Minneapolis
Toronto
Kingston
Buffalo
London
CAnet 4 Node Mini-IX
Albany
Hamilton
Windsor
Possible Future Breakout
Chicago
New York
Possible Future link or Option
CAnet 4 OC192
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International Connection Points

• Pacific Wave
• Hawaii
• StarLight
• See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html

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(No Transcript)
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Hawaii Observatories and Science Centers
PMRF
University of Hawaii Intl Pacific Research Center
Maui Supercomputer, Haleakala Observatories
Mauna Kea Observatories
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Current Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links

• OC-3 Peering with AARNet
• OC-3 Peering with Abilene (Seattle)
• OC-3 Link to DREN (Seattle)

• Southern Cross Cable Network

Japan-U.S. Cable Network
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Planned Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links

• (2x) OC-3 Peering with APAN
• (2x) OC-3 to California
• Pacific Wave?

Japan-U.S. Cable Network

• Southern Cross Cable Network

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StarLight
ESNet (OC-3c soon OC-12c)Abilene (OC-12c)vBNS
(OC-12c)FASTNet (OC-3c)Fermilab (OC-3c)Argonne
(OC-12c)CANARIE (OC-3c)MREN (layer2) 6TAP
Abilene (2xGE)SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)Argonne
(2xGE)Northwestern University (GE)AMPATH
(GE) vBNS (OC12c soon)
TRANSPAC (OC-12c) NORDUNET (OC3c) 6TAPMREN
(layer2 and 3) NREN (GE soon) ESnet (GE soon)
I-WIRE (dark fiber)
WKN 20011202
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Services via Qwest
StarLight Connectivity to Qwest
I-WIRE dark fiber
I-WIRE (dark fiber)TRANSPAC (OC-12c) NORDUNET
(OC3c) 6TAPMREN (layer2 and 3) NREN (GE
soon) ESnet (GE soon)
TeraGrid DTFnet ESNet NREN
Abilene (2xGE)SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)Argonne
(2xGE)Northwestern University (GE)AMPATH
(GE) vBNS (OC12c soon)
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International Connection Initiatives

• Cable Networks
• APAN
• TransPAC - NA to Asia
• GTRN - EU to NA (extension to Asia)
• See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html

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(No Transcript)
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Southern Cross Network
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APAN Network today near future
Hawaii
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Genkai/Hyunhae
Korea
Seoul
Busan
250?
Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan
GbE

• KJCN (Korea-Japan Cable Network)
• Starting in 2002.3
• 12 fiber pairs with no relays
• Starting from 50Gbps ?2.88Terabit
• (current traffic volume between KR and JP about
  500Mbps)

By Koji Okamura
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Lambda Backbone in 2004
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TransPAC Network
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TransPAC
Seoul XP
CANet
Pacific GigaPOP
CERNET
Tokyo XPd
AARNet
OC12 POP Northern Route
Abilene
StarLIGHT Chicago
SURFnet
OC12 ATM Southern Route
NORDUnet
WIDE
IMnet
PHnet
Osaka U
NREN
ESnet
Genuity
vBNS
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(No Transcript)
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Towards a Global Terabit Research Network

• Global cyber infrastructure requires a network
  that
• provides a single global backbone interconnecting
  global network access points (GNAPs) that provide
  peering within a country or region
• provides global backbone speeds comparable to
  those at NRRENS, i.e. OC192 in 2002
• allows coordinated global advanced service
  deployment (e.g. QoS, IPv6, multicast)
• is based on stable carrier infrastructure or
  leased or owned fiber or wavelengths

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Towards a Global Terabit Research Network

• is persistent, i.e. based on long-term (5-10
  year) agreements with carriers, router vendors,
  and optical transmission equipment vendors
• is scalable, e.g. OC768 by 2004, multiple
  wavelengths running striped OC768 by 2005,
  terabit/sec transmission by 2006
• allow GNAPs to connect at OC48 and above to
  scale up as backbone speeds scale up
• provides a production service with 24x7x365
  management through a series of global NOCs

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Recent Positive Progress

• NSF is assessing the need for post-HPIIS programs
• DANTE is expected to provide consolidated
  Trans-Atlantic connectivity for all of Europe -
  makes a North America/Europe solution easier
• TransPAC upgrade complete 1.244 Gbps to AP
• Optical Wavelength networking and switching
  developing (StarLight)
• Abilene upgrade in progress
• CAnet4 funding in place
• Prices for Trans-oceanic connections dropping

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GTRN Step 1

• Initially connecting Europe and North America
• 2 x OC-48 unprotected POS circuits
• Run as a single AS (AS21230)

Step 1 is complete.
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Initial GTRN configuration
Slide courtesy of David West - Dante
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GTRN Step 2

• Incorporate the TransPAC router in Seattle into
  the GTRN AS
• Incorporate the StarLight router in Chicago into
  the GTRN AS
• Begin policy and administrative development
• Begin cooperative NOC discussions

Step 2 planned to be complete by mid-May
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(No Transcript)
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GTRN Further Steps

• Extend the GTRN AS to Asia
• Formalize the GTRN policy and administrative
  structure
• Formalize the GTRN NOC structure

In process now.
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Non-infrastructure concerns

• End-to-end (E2E) problems
• Site connectivity
• Instrument connectivity
• Performance measurement
• Global experimental coordination
• Real-time data collection issues (latency)
• QOS issues

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Informative Web Links
http//www.indiana.edu/gtrn/ http//www.dante.ne
t/ http//www.canarie.ca/ http//www.internet2.e
du/ http//pacificwave.net/ http//www.startap.n
et/starlight/ http//www.transpac.org/ http//ww
w.apan.net/ http//www.nii.jp/ http//www.transp
ac.org/meeting/agenda.html
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Questions and Comments
James Williams TransPAC Executive
Investigator Indiana University williams_at_iu.edu