Title: The Human Development Approach and People with Disabilities
1The Human Development Approach and People with
Disabilities
2- Human Development Conceptual and measurement
framework - Human Development Contribution to the development
debate - Entry Points for Disability in the Human
Development Approach
3- Conceptual and measurement framework
4- The contrast between what great things human
beings can achieve and what limited lives most
women and men end up living is truly remarkable. -
- - Amartya Sen
- People are the real wealth of nations.
- The objective of development is to create an
enabling environment for people to enjoy long,
healthy and creative lives. - - Mahbub ul Haq
5- 2010 Human development
- "Human development is the expansion of
peoples freedoms to live long, healthy and
creative lives to advance other goals they have
reason to value and to engage actively in
shaping development equitably and sustainably on
a shared planet. People are both the
beneficiaries and drivers of human development,
as individuals and in groups.
6Human Development Index (HDI)
7Measuring Human DevelopmentThe origins GDP vs
HDI
- The HDI is an index just as vulgar as GDP but it
stands for better things (Amartya Sen) - HDI aggregates health education and income
- GDP/HDI
- commodity-centred vs human-centred
- Indicators need to be relevant, internationally
comparable, available for many countries - Neglected dimensions gender, equity,
sustainability...
8Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
9Gender Inequality Index (GII)
10Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
11- HD Indices Sources
- HDI
- Life expectancy UNDESA World Population
Prospects - Years of Schooling UNESCO Institute for
Statistics and Barro and Lee (2010) NBER working
paper 15902 - GNI PPP per capita World Banks World
Development Indicators - IHDI
- Life expectancy UNDESA World Population
Prospects - Years of Schooling household survey data in
international databases (EUSILC, UNICEF-MICS,
USAID-DHS, WHO-WHS) - Household income or consumption household survey
data in international databases (Luxemburg Income
Study, EUSILC, UNICEF-MICS, USAID-DHS, World
Banks International Income Distribution
Database, United Nations Universitys Income
Inequality Database)
12- HD Indices Sources
- GII
- Maternal Mortality UNICEFs The State of Worlds
Children - Adolescent Fertility UNDESA World Population
Prospects - Educational Attainments UNESCO Institute for
Statistics and Barro and Lee (2010) NBER working
paper 15902 - Labour Market Participation ILO LABORISTA
database - MPI household surveys
- Demographic and Health Survey USAID
- The Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey UNICEF
- The World Health Survey - WHO
13- 2. Contribution to the development debate
14Global Reports1990-2010
- HDR 90 - Concept and Measurement
- HDR 91 - Financing
- HDR 92 - Global Dimensions
- HDR 93 - Peoples Participation
- HDR 94 - Human Security
- HDR 95 - Gender
- HDR 96 - Economic Growth
- HDR 97 - Eradicate Poverty
- HDR 98 - Consumption
- HDR 99 - Globalization
- HDR 00 - Human Rights
- HDR 01 - New technologies
- HDR 02 - Democracy
- HDR 03 - MDGs
- HDR 04 - Cultural Liberty
- HDR 05 - Aid, trade and security
- HDR 06 - Water
- HDR 07/08 - Climate Change
- HDR 09 - Migration
15HDR Impact News and academic citations
- HDR continues to outperform its closest
competitor (the World Banks annual World
Development Report) by almost 21 - The HDI is a key contributor to that success.
- In academic citations, the HDR recently overtook
the WDR. - In 2010, HDRs academic citations 4,090,
compared to the WDRs 2,790 - Widespread endorsement from policy and academic
circles - One of the worlds most significant documents.
Gregg Easterbrook, The New Republic - Substantially enriches our understanding of the
development landscape. Dani Rodrik, Harvard
16 Regional, National and Sub-national Reports
More than just Reports Since 1992, more than 600
National and Sub-national HDRs, as well as 30
Regional Reports, have been produced in more then
130 countries.
- Inspired by the global HDR
- Tool to tailor development strategies to local
realities - Seeing people as the nations wealth, end and
means of advancing the development agenda - Provide new research and disaggregated data
- Offer innovation in concept, measurement, and
policy - Focus on equity, efficiency, empowerment, and
sustainability in policies and the HDR process
itself
17NHDR influence
- Inclusive youth involvement in each stage of the
HDR preparation process - Thorough analysis focus on 5 million youth out
of education and employment - Relevance more than 1,000 news reports, articles
and interviews - Influence youth policy and youth NGOs coalition
Turkey HDR2008 Youth in Turkey
18The importance of an inclusive process
- 216 events to gauge opinions and gather voices,
proposals and commitments - 4,369 people throughout the different
territories community members, local leaders,
civil servants, government representatives,
academics, businessmen and women, workers,
country workers and farmers, displaced people,
the disabled, those reinserted into society,
women and the elderly, young people, homosexuals,
indigenous people and people of African descent. -
Colombia Valle del Cauca sub-national HDR
2008On the path to an inclusive and peaceful
Valle del Cauca
19Measurement Innovation
- Disaggregation (e.g. Roma MDGs)
- Comparing subjective and objective data (e.g.
human security perceptions in Latvia) - Qualitative analysis of quantitative data (e.g.
Cambodia - the financial returns to education are
higher for women) - Measuring deprivations in the country-context
(e.g. social inclusion indices in BiH) - New indices covering more dimensions (e.g.
Dominican Republic on individual and collective
empowerment)
20- 3. Entry Points for Disability
21- Data Availability
- WHO-World Bank World Report on Disability
best source of internationally comparable data,
but - Considerable efforts made to improve disability
data. But need more robust, comparable, and
complete data collection especially in developing
countries. - Data on disability are scarce (only for 60
countries the disability prevalence rate was
estimated) and outdated (data from the 1970s
Congo - and 1980s). Better with the national
health surveys data from 1996 to 2008. - Only years of health lost due to disability
(YLD) is computed for almost all member states.
WHO modeling exercise based on a not completely
settled and criticized methodology.
22More can be done at National Level
Bosnia and Herzegovina HDR 2007
- People with disabilities, as confirmed by the
experience of many countries, are more vulnerable
to poverty and social exclusion. The analysis
made by for Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on the
2001 LSMS results, showed that having a
disability or special needs increases the
likelihood of becoming poor by 18.
23More can be done at National Level
- All problems relating to the social exclusion of
people with physical disability in Croatia stem
from insufficient and inadequate representation
in the political process. However, there is a
substantial segment of this population that does
not feel excluded from society, because of the
support afforded to them by their family and
friends. Family that acts as the main support for
the disabled person also requires support from
the community, and from the state. Regardless of
the amount of support given to the disabled,
their quality of life will not improve without
self-acceptance. This is why it is necessary to
empower disabled people, to challenge the culture
of complacency, thus enabling their full
integration into all spheres of social relations
Croatia HDR 2006
24More can be done at National Level
- the co-ordination of common human development
problems and issues, which are related to the
realisation of the rights of citizens who have
limited abilities due to physical, psychological,
intellectual or sensory deficits, is one of the
most important indicators. It defines the degree
of the governments obligation for the citizens
at present, the focus on the fair future, and
also of how effective the system of state
management is in order to achieve objectives of
the stable development of the country in general
Kazakhstan HDR 2009
25Resources
The HDR website http//hdr.undp.org/en/ The
HDR Database http//hdr.undp.org/en/reports/ Tak
e the Human Development Journey
http//learning.undp.org/ Join HDR-net
hdr-et_at_groups.undp.org Join the HD space in
Teamworks https//undp.unteamworks.org/node/16796
26Thank you!Paola.pagliani_at_undp.org