Conditional sentences

1
Conditional sentences

• If - clauses

2
TYPES

• There are three types of the if-clauses.
• Type Condition
• I condition possible to fulfill
• II condition in theory possible
  to fulfill
• III condition not possible to
  fulfill (too late)

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Form

• Type if clause main clause
• I Simple Present  will-future (or
  Modal infinitive)
• II Simple Past  would
  infinitive
• III Past Perfect would have
  past participle

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Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

• Type if clause main clause
• I If I study, I will pass the
  exam.
• II If I studied, I would pass the
  exam.
• III If I had studied, I would have
  passed the exam.

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Examples (if-clause at the end)

• Type main clause if-clause
• I I will pass the exam if I
  study.
• II I would pass the exam if I
  studied.
• III I would have passed
• the exam if I had
  studied.

6
Structure

• If-clauses can be clause-initial (1),
  clause-medial (2) as well as clause-final (3).
• (1) If you like, we can watch a movie.
• (2) We, if you like, can watch a movie.
• (3) We can watch a movie if you like.

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Types

• Aside from the typical type I, II, III strucure,
  conditionals can be divided into two categories
  real
• and
• unreal
• conditionals.

8
Real Condition

• If I have money, I spend it.
• Present Real Conditional - type I
• If I had money, I spent it.
• Past Real Conditional - type I
• If I have money, I will/am going to spend it.
• Future Real Conditional - type I

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Unreal Condition

• If I had had money, I would have spent it. 
• Past unreal Conditional - type III
• If I had money, I would spend it.I think
• about spending the money TODAY.
• Present unreal Conditional - type II
• If I had money, I would spend it.I think about
  spending the money NEXT WEEK.
• Future unreal Conditional - type II

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Special Features

• Modal verbs Main clauses with real conditional
  tenses can have modal verbs.
• If I have money, I can spend it.
• You can use could and might instead of would in
  unreal conditional clauses.
• If I had money, I could spend it.(I would be
  able to spend it.)
• If I had money, I might spend it.(I would
  possibly spend it.)

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Mixed Conditionals

• Unreal conditionals (type II III) sometimes can
  be mixed, that is, the time of the if clause is
  different from the one of the main clause.

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Past -- Present

• If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a
  headache now.

13
Past -- Future

• If I had known that you are going to come by
  tomorrow, I would be in then.

14
Past -- Past

• If she had enough money, she could have done this
  trip to Hawaii.

15
Past -- Future

• If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in
  Salvador.

16
Future -- Past

• If I weren't flying to Detroit tomorrow, I would
  have planned a trip to Vancouver.

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Future -- Present

• If I were taking this exam next week, I would be
  high-strung.

18
Will and Would in if-clauses

• will
• When the situation or action depicted in the
  if-clause is a result of the main clause, the
  will future is used in the if-clause.
• He'll pay me 10 if I'll help him do the dishes.
  (Doing the dishes is the result of paying ten
  dollars.)
• would
• In polite requests would is possible in
  if-clauses.
• It would be nice if you would help me in the
  kitchen. (Are you ready to help me in the
  kitchen?)

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Replacing if

• If can be replaced by words or expressions with a
  similar meaning.
• The most common are
• as long asassuming (that)on condition
  (that)on the assumption (that)provided
  (that)supposing (that)unlesswith the condition
  (that)

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Omitting if

• Had I known... (instead of If I had known...)
• Were you my daughter,... (instead of If you were
  my daughter,...)
• Should you need my advice,... (instead of If you
  should need my advice,...)

21
if vs. when

• if and when are interchangeable when the
  statement of the conditional clause is a fact or
  a general issue (also known as zero conditonal)
• If you heat ice, it melts.
• When you heat ice, it melts.
• if is used for something that, according to the
  speaker, might happen.
• We can spend the afternoon on the beach if the
  weather is fine.
• when is used for something that, according to the
  speaker, will happen.
• I will clean up the kitchen right away when I'm
  back from work.

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in case vs. if

• in case of can be used to shorten an if-clause as
  shown below
• If there is a fire, leave the room.
• In case of fire, leave the room.
• While if expresses a condition (1), in case is
  used to express a possibility (2).
• (1)I need painkillers if I'm in severe pain.
• (2)I need painkillers in case I'm in severe pain.
• The expression just in case is used pretty much
  the same way.
• I got you a pizza just in case you were hungry.
  (I don't know whether you are hungry.)

23
Put in the correct verb forms.

• 1) If Brian (to like) horses, he could ride
  well.2) If you listened carefully, you (to
  know) about it.3) If the weather had been
  better, we (to come) by bike.4) They will stay
  longer in Paris if they (to find) a cheap
  hotel.5) If you were older, you (to go) to the
  party.

24
Finish the sentences.

• .1) You would have slept much better 2) If he
  studied the new words, 3) My uncle would stay
  longer in York 4) If you wait a minute, 5) If
  Amy does the washing up,

25
Complete the sentences.

• 1) type I They (to fly) to Canberra if they (to
  have) more money.2) type III If I (to study),
  I (to pass) the test.3) type II They (to fly)
  to Canberra if they (to have) more money.4)
  type II If I (to study), I (to pass) the
  test.5) type I If the sun (to shine), we (to
  go) swimming.