Mesoamerican and South American Civilizations Unit 3

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Mesoamerican and South AmericanCivilizationsUni
t 3
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Aqueduct

• Structures
• used to carry
• flowing water
• from a distance

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Theocracy

• A system of government in which the rulers are
  believed to represent the will of the gods

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Chichen Itza

• An ancient Mayan city located on the Yucatan
  Peninsula

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codex

• A folding-screen book containing information
  about predicting the future and
• religious rituals

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Mercenary

• A
• hired
• soldier

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Causeway

• raised bridges made of land

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Chinampa

• Man
• Made
• Island

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Tenochtitlan

• The
• capital city
• of the Aztecs

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Lake Texcoco

• The Lake
• on which
• the Mexica settled

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Yucatan Peninsula

• an arm
• of land
• that sticks
• out into the
• Gulf of Mexico

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Central Plateau

• a high, flat area
• in the center
• of the
• Plateau of Mexico

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Cenote

• Natural wells
• on the Yucatan Peninsula

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Sierra Madre occidental

• A
• mountain range
• to the west
• of the
• Plateau of Mexico

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Gulf of Mexico

• A
• part
• of the
• Atlantic Ocean
• east of Mexico

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Plateau of Mexico

• A
• high, flat
• area in
• central Mexico

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Peninsula

• Land
• that is
• nearly
• surrounded
• by water

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Hernando Cortes

• 1485-1547
• Spanish Conquistador
• Who defeated
• the Aztecs
• in 1521

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Tikal

• Tikal
• A city-state
• of the Maya
• that is now
• an important ruin

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Alliance

• An agreement
• made between
• two or more
• groups
• or
• nations

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Valley of Mexico

• An
• area
• of
• Mesoamerica

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Sierra Madre Oriental

• A mountain range
• to the east
• of the
• Plateau of Mexico

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Mesoamerica

• A
• region
• that extends
• from southern
• North America
• to the
• central part
• of Central America

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Moctezuma I

• 1390-1469
• Aztec ruler
• of the Aztec empire
• who increased
• its size and wealth

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Moctezuma II

• Aztec emperor
• who was the
• last to reign
• the Aztec empire
• before it fell
• to Spain

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Quetzalcoatl

• One of the gods that the Aztec
• people worshipped.
• This name means feathered serpent.

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Stele

• An upright stone or slab
• with an inscribed or
• sculptured surface, used
• as a monument or as a
• commemorative tablet in
• the face of a building

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Machu Picchu

• A city built by the Inca people on a mountain top
  in the Andes Mountains in present day Peru

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cuzco

• The capital
• of the Inca empire

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Manco Capac

• 1200 founder of the Inca dynasty who led the Inca
  to settle in Cazco

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Inca Viracocha

• 1435 Incan ruler who fled his empire in 1438
  because he thought it would be defeated by the
  Chancas

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Pachacuti

• 1391-1473
• Incan emperor and son of Inca Viracocha who
  defeated the Chancas and extended his empire.

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Topa Inca

• 1471 Inca ruler and son of Pachacuti who doubled
  the size of the empire

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Francisco Pizarro

• 1478-1541
• Spanish conquistador who defeated the Incas

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Quipu

• A knotted rope used by the Incas to keep records

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Andes Mountains

• the worlds longest
• mountain range
• Located in
• western
• South America
• and it is
• home
• of the Incas