Chapter 4 Section 2

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Chapter 4 Section 2

• By Danni, Tyler, Isabella, and Aaron

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War Erupts

• April 12, 1861, Confederate forces attack Fort
  Sumter before supplies are able to reach the
  Union soldiers inside
• Border States (states that hadnt yet picked a
  side at the start of the war)
• Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia
• ALL OF THE BORDER STATES JOINED THE UNION
• States in the Union
• Oregon, California, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota,
  Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan,
  Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania,
  New York, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire,
  Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New
  Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland
• States in the Confederacy
• Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee,
  Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Virginia,
  North Carolina, and South Carolina

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War Erupts

• Union Advantages
• Union Army had more soldiers (in the beginning)
• Had more factories, ships, shipyards, and
  factories in the South
• the Union had President Abraham Lincoln (upper
  right)
• they also had General Ulysses S. Grant (lower
  right)
• Confederate Advantages
• many talented military leaders (main advantage)
• troops knew the land they were fighting in very
  well
• Robert E. Lee (middle right)
• First Battle of Bull Run
• Confederacy won
• made the Union realize they needed more support
• President Lincoln called on 500,000 men to fight
  the war

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Life in the Army

• Both armies were largely made up of volunteers
• Hardships
• Conditions were often wet, muddy, or cold
• Soldiers had inadequate clothing
• Lived in crude shelters
• Often marched over frozen ground with bare feet
• Needy soldiers often took clothes from the dead
  after battles

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Life in the Army (continued)

• Unsanitary Camps
• Went for weeks without bathing or washing their
  clothes- causing fleas and lice
• Lack of hygiene resulted in spreading of
  sicknesses
• Contaminated food, water, and germ-carrying
  insects caused more sicknesses and disorders
• Doctors didnt wash their hands or instruments

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No End in Sight

• George McClellan is the General in chief of the
  entire Union Army. Lincoln became angry with
  McClellan because he kept training his troops
  instead of attacking.
• Ulysses S. Grant captured 2 confederate river
  forts in Tennessee, and won the Battle of Shiloh.
• McClellan got hold of Lees battle plans.

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No End in Sight (continued)

• The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest battle
  in American history.
• Lincoln fired McClellan because he failed to
  pursue Lees army and finish them off after the
  Battle of Antietam.

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Battle of Antietam

• About 25,000 men died or were wounded.

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln hesitated to free all slaves since there
  were 4 slave states in the Union
• Lincoln also knew that northern Democrats
  opposed emancipation
• January 1,1863, President Lincoln emancipates
  (frees) all slaves in the U.S.
• This was just after a Union win at Antietam
• President Lincoln had no idea that slavery would
  separate the nation
• the freeing of all slaves had a great impact on
  the Southern people
• slaves could only be freed if they were rescued
  by Union forces
• by the end of the war over 180,000 African
  Americans had joined the Union Army

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War Affects Society

• Most of the battles were fought in the south,
  which caused economic hardships for them
• Inflation made it harder on the working people of
  the south
• The north had much lower inflation which gave
  them a major advantage over the south

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War Affects Society (continued)

• The north lost many men in battles and in the
  south many men deserted them or were on leave
• Women had to run farms, take over office jobs,
  and work the front lines as workers and nurses

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The North Wins

• The 2 battles that turned the tide in the
  Americans favor was the Battle of Gettysburg and
  the Battle in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
• Grants plan to defeat the Confederates were to
  have his troops pursue Lees army in Virginia
  under his command while Union forces under
  General William Tecumseh Sherman pushed through
  the deep South to Atlanta and the Atlantic Coast.

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The North Wins (continued)

• Sherman waged total war by tearing up railroad
  lines, destroying crops, and burning down towns.
• Grant layed siege against Lees army in Richmond
  for ten months.
• Lee and Grant met in the Appomattox Court House
  to arrange surrender.

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Appomattox Court House
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The Legacy of the War

• The human cost of the Civil War were, 620,000
  dead.
• 360,000 Union died
• 260,000 from the Confederacy died.
• Another 275,000 Union soldiers were wounded.
• Another 260,000 Confederacy soldiers were wounded

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Affects Left on the South

• The war brought south an economic disaster.
• Farms, Plantations, Factories, and thousands of
  miles of rail-road tracks were destroyed.
• To reconstruct all the problems and to make the
  government stronger, they instituted an incoming
  tax, issued paper currency, and established a new
  federal baking system.

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The Greatest effect of the Civil War

• The greatest effect of the Civil was the
  abolishing of slavery.
• Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation
  Proclamation, which is a law the abolishes
  slavery.

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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

• Abraham Lincoln never lived to see the end of
  slavery, because he was assassinated.
• Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes
  Booth.

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Vocabulary

• Fort Sumter- A fort located in the harbor of
  Charleston, South Carolina
• Robert E. Lee- the commanding general of the Army
  of North Virginia (confederate)
• Ulysses S. Grant- a successful union army leader
  in 1862
• Battle of Gettysburg- the first victory of the
  Union- July 1st to July 3rd 1863

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Vocabulary (continued)

• Appomattox Court House- the place in which Lee
  and Grant met to arrange the surrender of the
  Confederates
• Emancipation Proclamation- a document in which
  Lincoln freed all slaves in Confederate territory
• Thirteenth Amendment- The amendment that banned
  slavery

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Vocabulary (last)

• Income tax- tax on earnings
• Siege- the surrounding of a city, town, or
  fortress buy an army trying to capture it