Unit 1: Industries, Texts

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Unit 1 Industries, Texts Audiences

• 1.1How the Media Industry is structured.

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What Makes Up The Media Industries?
New Media
Broadcasting
Press
Cinema
Advertising
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How The Media Industry is Structured.

• Overview / Background history
• Who owns what?
• Scope and objectives of operations.
• Regulations of the industry
• Range of products - within and across
  organisations.

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• Horizontal Integration
• The acquisition of competitors in the same
  section of the industry.
• Vertical Integration
• The ownership of every stage of the production
  process (i.e. Production distribution
  exhibition), thereby ensuring complete control of
  a media product)

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• www.mediachannel.org/ownership/chart.shtml
• www.mediachannel.org/ownership/granville.shtml
• www.thenation.com/special/bigten.html
• www.thenation.com/special/2006_entertainment.pdf

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The Film Industry
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The Film Industry

• Golden Age of Hollywood Studio System
• Big Six
• Mergers Monopolies
• Products
• Vertical/horizontal integration

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Golden Age of Hollywood

• 1920s-1950s - The Studio System
• Film companies
• Producing movies primarily on their own film lots
  with creative staff on long term contracts
• Pursuing vertical integration through
  ownership/control of distribution Theatres.

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• 8 Major Studios
• MGM, Paramount, RKO, Warner, Fox, United Artists,
  Columbia, Universal
• Paramount Case 1948
• Studio System scheme was in violation of the
  Antitrust (Competition) laws of America
• Forced separation of movie production and
  exhibition companies.

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Six Majors in Film

• 20th Century Fox
• Time Warner
• Beuna Vista Motion Pictures(owned by Walt Disney)
• Pixar, Miramax, Touchstone
• Paramount (owned by Viacom)
• Dreamworks, United International Picturesjoint
  venture with Universal Studios MTV, Nickelodeon.

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• NBC Universal (owned by General Electric
  Vivendi)
• Universal International Pictures
• Working Title London
• Sony Pictures Entertainments
• Columbia Tristar, Jim Henson,
• MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer)

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Warner Bros

• A fully integrated, broad-based entertainment
  company
• A global leader in the creation, production,
  distribution, licensing marketing of all forms
  of creative content across all current and
  emerging media and platforms
• Standing at the forefront of every aspect of the
  entertainment industry from feature film , TV,
  home entertainment production and worldwide
  distribution to DVD, digital distribution to,
  animation, comic book s, licensing ,
  international cinemas and broadcasting.

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• Established by the 4 Warner brothers in 1923
• 1st synchronized sound feature film The Jazz
  Singer - 1927
• Subsidiary of AOL Time Warner
• Revenue 31.8 billion
• Divisions include
• Motion Picture, TV, Home Entertainment Group,
  Consumer Products, DC Comics, Theatre, Cinema.

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AOL TIME WARNER
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REGULATION Film Industry

• United States antitrust law
• prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopoly)
  and unfair business practices.

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• Production Code of America (Hays Code)
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_Code
• 3 Principals
• Not to lower moral standards
• Present correct standards of life
• Law should not be ridiculed
• Abandoned in 1967 replaced by MPAA Film
  Classifications
• G. PG. PG-13. 17. NC-17
• http//www.mpaa.org/FlmRat_Ratings.asp

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Newspapers

• Local National
• Tabloid Broadsheet
• Dailies Sundays

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NEWS INTERNATIONAL

• Industry Newspapers
• UK Brands

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News International

• 4 National Newspapers
• 1 local newspaper - The London Paper
• Parent Company News Corporation
• Revenue 13.5 billion

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News Corporation
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REGULATION Press

• Self Regulation
• Voluntary code - PCC
• www.pcc.org.uk
• Legal control
• Libel
• Jepordise State Security
• Prejudice a Fair Trial
• Campaign for Press Broadcasting Freedom
• www.cpbf.org.uk

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Competition Commission

• Role of the CC
• The Competition Commission (CC) is one of the
  independent public bodies which help ensure
  healthy competition between companies in the UK
  for the benefit of companies, customers and the
  economy. The CC replaced the Monopolies and
  Mergers Commission in 1999.

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Referencing

• (Author Surname, date of work)
• Citation of entire works
• (Author Surname, Date of Work, page no.)
• Quotations from works

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Example

• It is through a semiotic approach to the
  interpretation of photography that it can be
  shown to create an impression of the irrefutable
  and natural from what is really a matter of
  interpretation and cultural attitudes (Barthes
  1973)
• And..
• Flaherty, despite Nanook, seems never to have
  understood how films are made and never created
  any alternative to the normative practices of
  which he remained in ignorance. (Winston 1995
  p.109)

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Bibliography

• Include ALL books, Journals, Magazines,
  Websites, Films.

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Books Author Surname, Initial. (date of
publication). Title. Place of Publication
Publisher Barthes, R. (1993). Camera Lucidia. New
York Vintage Articles Essik, K., (2000)
France Hammers Yahoo, The Industry Standard
(Europe), 23 Nov 2000 Websites Film Council
(2000). The Structure of the Film Council
online, London Available from
http//www.filmcouncil.org.uk/about/structure.html
(accessed 20 Dec 2000)