Nutrition and the Health of Young People

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Nutrition and the Health of Young People

• KSPE 7140

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Nutrition and the Health of Young People

• Diet Disease
• Overweight and obesity, influenced by poor diet
  and inactivity, are significantly associated with
  an increased risk of diabetes, high blood
  pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, joint
  problems, and poor health status.

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Diabetes

• Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult onset
  diabetes, has become increasingly prevalent among
  children and adolescents as rates of overweight
  and obesity rise.
• A CDC study estimated that one in three American
  children born in 2000 will develop diabetes in
  their lifetime

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Obesity

• Overweight children and adolescents are more
  likely to become overweight or obese adults.
• One study showed that children who became
  overweight by age 8 were more severely obese as
  adults.

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Atherosclerosis

• Early indicators of atherosclerosis, the most
  common cause of heart disease, begin as early as
  childhood and adolescence.
• Atherosclerosis is related to high blood
  cholesterol levels, which are associated with
  poor dietary habits

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Osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis, a disease where bones become
  fragile and can break easily, is associated with
  inadequate intake of calcium
• Eighty-five percent of adolescent females do not
  consume enough calcium. During the last 25 years,
  consumption of milk, the largest source of
  calcium, has decreased 36 among adolescent
  females.

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Overweight Among Youth

• The prevalence of overweight among children aged
  6-11 years has more than doubled in the past 20
  years and among adolescents aged 12-19 has more
  than tripled

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Overweight Prevalence Among Children and
AdolescentsUnited States2006

• Children Ages 6-11
• Black (Non-Hispanic) Female26.5, Male 17.5
• Mexican American Female19.4 Male25.3
• White (Non-Hispanic) Female 16.9 Male18.5

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Overweight Prevalence Among Children and
AdolescentsUnited States1974-2006

• Among preschool-aged children, aged 25 years,
  the prevalence of overweight increased from 5.0
  to 12.4.
• Among school-aged children, aged 611 years, the
  prevalence of overweight increased from 4.0 to
  17.0.
• Among school-aged adolescents, aged 1219 years,
  the prevalence of overweight increased from 6.1
  to 17.6.

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Diet and Academic Performance

• The percentage of young people who eat breakfast
  decreases with age while 92 of children ages
  6-11 eat breakfast, only 75-78 of adolescents
  ages 12-19 eat breakfast.

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Eating Behaviors of Young People

• Less than 40 of children and adolescents in the
  United States meet the U.S. dietary guidelines
  for saturated fat. 
• Eighty percent of high school students do not eat
  fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day.

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Eating Behaviors of Young People

• Only 39 of children ages 2-17 meet the USDAs
  dietary recommendation for fiber (found primarily
  in dried beans and peas, fruits, vegetables, and
  whole grains). 
• Additionally, from 1978 to1998, average daily
  soft drink consumption almost doubled among
  adolescent females, increasing from 6 ounces to
  11 ounces, and almost tripled among adolescent
  males, from 7 ounces to 19 ounces.

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Eating Behaviors of Young People

• A large number of high school students use
  unhealthy methods to lose or maintain weight. A
  nationwide survey found that during the 30 days
  preceding the survey 12.3 of students went
  without eating for 24 hours or more 4.5 had
  vomited or taken laxatives and 6.3 had taken
  diet pills, powders, or liquids without a
  doctor's advice.

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Research on Sodas

• 7 to 8 years of data on 1,550 Mexican-American
  and non-Hispanic white Americans aged 25 to 64.
• Of the 622 study participants who were of normal
  weight at the beginning of the study, about a
  third became overweight or obese.

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Findings of Soda research

• For regular soft-drink drinkers, the risk of
  becoming overweight or obese was
• 26 for up to 1/2 can each day
• 30.4 for 1/2 to one can each day
• 32.8 for 1 to 2 cans each day
• 47.2 for more than 2 cans each day.

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Findings of Diet Soda research

• For diet soft-drink drinkers, the risk of
  becoming overweight or obese was
• 36.5 for up to 1/2 can each day
• 37.5 for 1/2 to one can each day
• 54.5 for 1 to 2 cans each day
• 57.1 for more than 2 cans each day.
• For each can of diet soft drink consumed each
  day, a person's risk of obesity went up 41.

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Refer to Fat Handout
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• http//www.chooseveg.com/animal-cruelty.asp
• Watch only if class says yes!!