Job Safety / Hazard Analysis

1
Job Safety / Hazard Analysis
Ohio BWC

• Gary Peacock
• Industrial Safety Consultant
• 513-583-7081

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

• Introduce Job Hazard Analysis .
• Introduce Some Basic Skills in the Recognition
  Control of Occupational Hazards.
• Introduce Job Hazard Analysis Techniques.

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Job Safety Analysis

• What is it?
• Process of studying and recording each step of a
  job, identifying existing or potential hazards,
  and determining the best way to perform the job
  to reduce or eliminate the hazards.

4
JSA

• JSA is used to determine
• Physical, procedural, and/or environmental based
  hazards that do or could exist
• Actions of personnel which could result in
  accidents or injuries
• Measures to be implemented which will eliminate
  or control hazards so the job can be performed
  safely

5
Elements of JSA

• Four basic steps
• Selecting jobs for analysis
• Breaking each selected job into steps
• Identify the hazards associated with each step
• Eliminate or correct the hazards

6
JSA Benefits

• Prevention/reduction of hazards in the
  performance of your job
• Prevention/reduction of occurrences of accidents
• Improvements in job performance
• Coordinates with PPE selection, Ergonomic
  assessments, complying with ADA
• Standardizes work procedures

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More Benefits

• Employee training
• Identify jobs for return to work program
• Employee orientation
• Job reviews
• Document corrections and improvements
• Safety Audits
• Accident Investigations

8
OSHA Requirements

• General Duty Clause 5(a)(1)
• Many OSHA Standards require hazard analysis
• EAP
• Hazcom
• PPE
• LOTO

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When Should JSA Be Created

• JSA should be performed when
• Job does not currently have JSA
• New job is created
• When accident or near miss occurs
• When employee has concern

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Members of JSA Team

• No single method
• Typical members
• Safety manager
• Safety team members
• Employees
• Supervisors
• Human Resources
• Engineering

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Employee Involvement

• Reasons for involving employees
• Familiarity
• Identify hazards not observable
• Avoids alienation
• Gains buy-in for necessary changes

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Employee Involvement

• Discuss process with employees performing the job
  and explain purpose
• Involve employee in all phases after job
  selection
• Higher success rates
• More effective JSA results

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Resistance

• Departmental managers may not fully cooperate
  because
• Process seen as a disruption to their work area
• Employee involvement detrimental to productivity
• Overcome by communicating benefits of JSA and
  involving management members in the process

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Approaches to JSA

• Observation Method
• Discussion Method

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Observation Method

• Directly observe the job task, to evaluate each
  step and understand the hazards involved.
• Ask questions of the operators and draw upon
  their knowledge of established procedures,
  problems, and difficult areas
• Preferred Method

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Discussion Method

• Requires getting people together who have
  knowledge of the job and discuss a particular job
  task.
• Job analysis is not done at the site of the job.
  Some points could be missed.
• Secondary Method

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JSA Video
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What is a Job?
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What is a Job?

• A JOB is a description of a function in the
  company
• Supervisor Assembler Material Handler
• Each job is made up of TASKS.

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Examples of Tasks

• TASK sequence of steps or activities that
  together accomplish a goal.
• Hanging a door
• Unloading drums from truck with forklift
• Filling cans on an assembly line
• Machining parts in a mill

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Step 1 Selecting Jobs for JSA

• High risk jobs first
• Indicators used to select jobs
• Frequency
• Severity
• Potential Severity

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Materials to Aid in Job Selection

• Accident reports
• OSHA logs
• Workers Compensation claims

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Step 2 Job Task Breakdown

• List each step of the job in order of occurrence
  as you watch the employee perform the job.
• Dont break the job down into steps so small as
  to be meaningless or too broad that something is
  missed.

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Tools and equipment

• Video camera
• Digital Camera
• Tape recorder
• Notebook
• Employee Interview
• Supervisor Interview

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Planting A Tree (example 1)

• Dig hole.
• Insert tree.
• Backfill planting.
• Whats wrong with this?

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Planting A Tree (example 2)

• Pick up shovel
• Position shovel
• Put foot on shovel
• Push shovel with foot.
• Etc.
• Whats wrong with this?

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Planting A Tree (example 3)

1. Bring tools
2. Dig hole
3. Prepare hole
4. Position tree in hole
5. Backfill, tamp, and water
6. Brace tree
7. Return tools

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Rule of Thumb

• Most jobs will separate into 10-15 basic steps,
  although some will have fewer and some may have
  more.

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Employee Interviews

• Conduct interview near work area
• Explain only looking for facts
• Ask open ended questions
• Ask employee to write down job steps
• Thank person for helping

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Information Review

• Using information gathered, including employee
  interview, review and revise job steps as
  necessary to accurately reflect current
  performance of job.

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Step 3 Identifying Hazards

• Recorded steps must be examined to determine
  hazards that exist or might occur.
• Identification of hazards should include the
  hazards associated with machines, tools,
  supplies, job procedures, and the surroundings

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Hazard Types

1. Contact by or against objects.
2. Caught in or between objects
3. Falls same level.
4. Falls elevation.
5. Overexertion.
6. Environmental exposure

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Additional Training

• Do JSA Team Members need additional training in
  hazard recognition?
• Know difference between physical and health
  hazards?
• Understand basic electrical principles?
• Understand hazards of extreme hot or cold
  environments?

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Step 4 Controls

• After hazards or potential hazards have been
  listed and reviewed, the next step is
• eliminate the hazards, or
• reduce the hazards.

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Controls

• Substitution
• Job Redesign
• Engineering Revisions
• Procedural Revisions
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Training
• Administration Controls

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Hierarchy of Hazard Correction

• Use Engineering controls where feasible and
  appropriate
• Use Administrative controls, such as reducing the
  duration of exposure.

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Hierarchy of Hazard Correction

• Use Procedures for safe work which are understood
  and followed by all parties, as a result of
• training,
• positive reinforcement,
• correction of unsafe performance, and
• enforcement through a clearly communicated
  disciplinary system
• Use Personal Protective Equipment

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Reviewing/Revising JSAs

• JSA are only effective if they are reviewed and
  updated periodically.
• Trigger points
• When accidents occur
• When the job process changes
• After near misses
• Employee complaint
• Equipment suffers damage
• Periodic Reviews

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Conclusion

• The process of JSA can be applied to any job in
  any workplace, to improve work procedures and
  make jobs safer and easier to perform.
• The goal of this process is to educate everyone
  by getting them involved in identifying hazards
  and developing controls to keep everyone safe.

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GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST

• REVIEW JOB SPECIFIC HAZARDS
• CONDUCT HAZARD ASSESSMENTS
• INSTITUTE SAFE WORK PRACTICES
• ENSURE PPE IS NOT DAMAGED OR DEFECTIVE
• CERTIFY THAT ASSESSMENTS HAVE BEEN DONE
• PROVIDE TRAINING TO ALL REQUIRED EMPLOYEES
• INSTALL ENGINEERING CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE
• INSTITUTE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE
• ASSESS AND ISSUE PPE TO CONTROL HAZARDS AS A LAST
  
• RESORT

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TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

• THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING
• THE USE OF EQUIPMENT.
• WHEN PPE IS NECESSARY.
• WHAT PPE IS NECESSARY.
• THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PPE.
• PROVIDE RETRAINING AS REQUIRED.
• CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT.
• TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT.

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RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

• REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A
• CLOSE-CALL EVENT
• PROGRAM RELATED INJURY
• CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT
• NEW HAZARD OR EQUIPMENT
• NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS
• FAILURE IN THE SAFETY PROCEDURES
• REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY

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IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

• RECOGNITION
• Jobs having a high degree of risk.
• Jobs having a high rotation of employees.
• Jobs having a high close-call incidence.
• Jobs having had recent operational changes.
• A determination of jobs needing improvement.
• New jobs having little or no statistical injury
  data.
• Jobs where new equipment or processes are in use.

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INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONTROLS
þ ENGINEERING CONTROLS à FIRST CHOICE ü Work
Station Design ü Tool Selection and Design ü
Process Modification ü Mechanical Assist þ
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS à SECOND CHOICE ü
Training Programs ü Job Rotation/Enlargement ü
Pacing ü Policy and Procedures þ PERSONNEL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT à LAST CHOICE ü
Gloves ü Wraps ü Shields ü Eye
Protection ü Non-Slip Shoes ü Aprons
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WORKSITE ANALYSIS

• WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN
  PARTS

1. Gathering information from available
sources. 2. Conducting baseline screening
surveys to determine which jobs need a closer
analysis. 3. Performing job hazard analyses of
those work stations with identified risk
factors. 4. After implementing control
measures, conducting periodic surveys and
follow-up to evaluate changes.
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WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Continued

• TANGIBLE INDICATORS
• Accident Records
• Production Records
• Personnel Records
• Employee Surveys

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WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Continued
WHAT TANGIBLE INDICATORS WOULD BE MOST USEFUL TO
YOU?
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JOB RISK FACTORS
PERSONAL RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB 1.
Age 2. Gender 3. Attitude 4. Training 5.
Strength 6. Work method 7. Loose clothing 9.
Anthropometry 10. Loose or long hair 11.
Hearing deficiencies
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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued

• JOB RISK FACTORS
• Weight of load
• Location/size of load
• Frequency of the Task
• Duration and pace of cycle
• Stability of load
• Coupling of load
• Travel distances of worker
• Reach distances of worker
• Symmetry between worker and the object held

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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS

• Static work posture
• a) Standing
• b) Sitting
• Work platforms or stairs
• Torso flexion (bending)
• a) Mild (up to 45 degrees)
• b) Severe (greater than 45 degrees)
• Work heights (too high or too low)
• Floor surfaces (wet, smooth, vibration)

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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS

• Noise/vibration
• a) Frequency very important
• b) Can amplify through the body
• Environment
• a) Hot (sweat, reduced grip, fatigue)
• b) Cold (gloves reduce grip by as much as 30)
• Lighting
• a) posture problems (because of inability
  to see)

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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS

• Trip hazards
• Confined spaces
• Electrical hazards
• Inadequate ventilation
• Lockout tagout requirements
• Machine guarding requirements
• Motorized vehicles (forklifts, etc.)
• Oxygen deficiency or enrichment
• Hazards associated with Hotwork
• Inappropriate personal protective equipment

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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS

• Fall hazards
• Mechanical hazards
• Engulfment hazards
• Respiratory hazards
• Flammable gases or vapors
• Airborne combustible dusts

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JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
UNIT LOADS
DEFINED AS The unit to be moved or handled at
any one time.
THE CONTAINER, CARRIER, OR SUPPORT USED TO MOVE
MATERIALS MUST BE INCLUDED AS PART OF THE UNIT
LOAD.
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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT LOADS

• THE MATERIAL TO BE UTILIZED
• THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE HANDLED
• THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO DAMAGE
• THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE UNIT LOAD IS HANDLED
• THE RECEIVING, STORING, SHIPPING, AND HANDLING
  METHODS
• THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO WHICH THE LOAD
  IS EXPOSED

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD

• OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD
• INSURE STABILITY OF THE LOAD
• REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE LOAD
• OPTIMIZE LOAD COUPLING

- HAND TO LOAD - FOOT TO FLOOR
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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
DEFINITION OF TERMS

• The time required to complete one sequence of
  tasks
• sub-tasks, or elements.

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
CONDUCTING THE JHA

• IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY
• COLLECT THE DATA
• EVALUATE THE DATA
• FORMULATE CONTROL MEASURES

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY

• CLOSE-CALLS
• ACCIDENT STATISTICS
• ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS
• HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER JOBS
• COMPLAINTS OPERATOR FEEDBACK
• PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS, HIGH ERRORS

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
COLLECTING THE DATA

• JHA ASSESSMENT FORMS
• DIRECT OBSERVATION
• VIDEO TAPE
• ACTION PHOTOGRAPHS
• DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS
• ACCIDENT STATISTICS

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
EVALUATING THE DATA

• TASK DESCRIPTION
• SUB-TASK DESCRIPTION
• RISK FACTOR/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES

• ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EXPOSURE
• ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL MEASURES
• APPLICATION OF SAFE WORK PRINCIPLES
• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS FORM

• STEP - Action Being Performed
• HAZARD - Description of potential Injury
• CAUSE - Probable cause of potential injury
• PREVENTION - Prevention control measure

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

• JOB TITLE - Action Being Performed
• LEFT HAND - How is it Used
• RIGHT HAND - How is it Used
• FREQUENCY - Usually times per minute
• NOTES - Supporting information
• POSTURE - Acceptable to extreme
• FORCE - High, Medium, Low
• - Quantifiable amount
• DURATION - Length of Stressor

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 1 - DETERMINING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF JOB

• SET THE EMPLOYEE TO BE OBSERVED AT EASE.
• POINT OUT THAT YOU ARE STUDYING THE JOB NOT
  PERFORMANCE!
• INVOLVE THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ANALYSIS.
• SPEAK WITH CO-WORKERS.
• DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE JOB ON CO-WORKERS.
• REVIEW ANTICIPATED RISK FACTORS
• REVIEW GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PERFORMING JOB.

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 2 - BREAKING DOWN THE JOB

• LIST EACH STEP IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE.
• RECORD EACH STEP OF JOB ACTION.
• GO OVER THE STEPS WITH THE EMPLOYEE.
• FINALIZE THE STEPS INVOLVED.

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

• EXAMINE EACH STEP TO DETERMINE EXISTING HAZARDS.
• ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO WHAT) QUESTIONS

• CAN CLOTHING OR JEWELRY GET CAUGHT?
• WHAT FIXED OBJECTS COULD CAUSE PUNCTURES?
• WHAT COULD THE WORKER GET CAUGHT BETWEEN?
• WHAT CAN THE WORKER GET CAUGHT IN, REACHING OVER,
  UNDER, AROUND OR THROUGH ETC.?
• IS THE WORKER OFF-BALANCE AT ANY TIME?

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
(Continued)

• ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO WHAT) QUESTIONS

• IS THE WORKER POSITIONED DANGEROUSLY?
• WHAT REPETITIVE MOTION INJURIES ARE LIKELY?
• WHAT MOVING PARTS COULD STRIKE THE WORKER?
• CAN THE WORKER FALL FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER?
• CAN THE WORKER BE INJURED FROM CARRYING HEAVY
  OBJECTS?
• WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXIST?

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 4 - EVALUATING THE HAZARDS

• ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHY HOW) QUESTIONS

• WHY ISNT PPE SERVICEABLE?
• WHY IS PPE IMPROPERLY WORN?
• WHY DOESNT PPE FIT PROPERLY?
• HOW CAN LOCKOUT PROCEDURES BE IMPROVED?
• WHAT CAUSES THE WORKER TO CONTACT SHARPS?
• WHY HAS PROPER TRAINING NOT BEEN CONDUCTED?
• HOW CAN THE FLOW OF WORK BE ORGANIZED BETTER?

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEP 5 - RECOMMENDING PROTECTIVE MEASURES

• DETERMINE IF THE JOB COULD BE PERFORMED IN
  ANOTHER WAY TO REDUCE THE HAZARDS.
• LIST EACH SAFER JOB STEP OR PROTECTIVE MEASURE.
• BE SPECIFIC!
• IF JOB HAZARDS ARE STILL PRESENT

• REDUCE NECESSITY.
• REDUCE FREQUENCY.
• CONSIDER JOB ROTATION.
• CONSIDER JOB ENLARGEMENT.

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JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
STEP 6 - REVISING THE JHA

• JHAS MUST BE REVIEWED REVISED PERIODICALLY.
• REPEAT JHAS CAN CATCH HAZARDS ON THE SECOND
  LOOK.
• IF AN INJURY OR CLOSE-CALL OCCURS REDO THE JHA.
• RETRAINING SHOULD FOLLOW EACH JHA.

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JOB DESIGN
GOOD JOB DESIGN
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JOB DESIGN
Continued
GOOD JOB DESIGN
EMPLOYEE
PREVENTS
Economic Loss, Loss in Earning Power, Loss in
Quality of Life, Pain Suffering
EMPLOYER
PREVENTS
Economic Loss, Loss in Expertise, Compensation
Costs, Damaged Goods Equipment
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WORK STATION DESIGN
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Design for the Range-of-Motion of the Worker
• Design for Assessability
• Design for the Field of Vision of the Worker
• Design out Extreme Ranges-of-Motion
• Reduce Force in Job Accomplishment
• Reduce the Frequency of Motions Required
• Reduce the Duration of a Specific Task
• Design to Provide Adequate Support to Back, and
  Legs

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WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Incorporate Adjustable Work Surfaces
• Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various
  Heights
• Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various
  Reaches
• Design Work Platforms with Ranges-of-Movement
• Incorporate the use of Mechanical or Powered
  Assists
• Incorporate the use of Suspension Devices for
  Tools
• Incorporate the use of Floor mats to Reduce Leg
  Trauma
• Incorporate the use of Guards wherever possible

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WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
THE BOTTOM LINE

• DO NOT DESIGN FOR THE AVERAGE!
• DO NOT DESIGN FOR YOURSELF!
• THE LARGE MUST BE ABLE TO FIT!
• THE SMALL MUST BE ABLE TO REACH!
• DESIGN FOR A RANGE!
• DESIGN FOR ADJUSTABILITY!
• DESIGN FOR PROTECTION!

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WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
WHAT ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CAN YOU
THINK OF FOR WORK STATIONS?
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Consider the Gender and Age of Users.
• The Specific Use of the Tool Is Critical.
• Contact Manufactures for Their Assistance.
• Make Informed Decisions Before You Buy.
• Dont be Fooled by Misleading Advertising.
• Any Other (than its intended) Use, Negates
  Possibly All Safety Benefits and May Prove to be
  Detrimental to a Safe Tool Selection Process.

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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued

• TOOLS COME IN ENDLESS VARIETY, THE NEXT FEW
  SLIDES PROVIDE SOME CONSIDERATIONS TO THINK ABOUT.

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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS
88
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
GUARDING CONSIDERATIONS
89
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
FREE HAND CONSIDERATIONS
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
STORAGE OF TOOL BETWEEN CYCLES
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
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TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
93
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
94
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
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JOB SAFETY ANALYSISSummary
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Job Safety Analysis

• The breaking down into its component parts of any
  method or procedure to determine the hazards
  connected with each key step and the requirements
  for performing it safely.

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Job Safety Analysis Priorities

• New Jobs
• Severity Potential
• History of Disabling Injuries
• Frequency of Accidents

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Job Safety Analysis

• Job means task
• (Changing a tire not auto mechanic)
• key steps
• too detailed becomes cumbersome
• not enough detail becomes useless

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Break job down into key steps
AVOID

• making the breakdown so detailed That an
  unnecessarily large number of steps results
• making the job breakdown so general that basic
  steps are not recorded

100
Group Activity

• Job Safety Analysis
• Changing a Flat Tire on an Automobile

101
Key Steps (TOO MANY)Changing a Flat Tire

• Pull off road
• Put car in park
• Set brake
• Activate emergency flashers
• Open door
• Get out of car
• Walk to trunk
• Put key in lock
• Open trunk
• Remove jack
• Remove Spare tire

102
Key Steps (NOT ENOUGH)Changing a Flat Tire

• Park car
• take off flat tire
• put on spare tire
• drive away

103
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHTChanging a Flat tire

• Park car, set brake
• remove jack tire from trunk
• loosen lug nuts
• jack up car
• remove tire
• set new tire
• jack down car

• tighten lug nuts
• store tire jack

104
Hazards

• Parking Car
• Struck by Traffic
• Removing tire jack
• Back Strain
• bang head on trunk
• Loosen lug nuts
• back/arm strain
• slip fall

• Jacking up car
• car could fall off jack
• Setting new tire
• fingers pinched
• back strain
• Tighten nuts
• back strain
• slip fall

105
Work Observation

• Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate
  and participate in the JSA process.
• Explain purpose of JSA.
• Observe the employee performing the job and write
  down basic steps.
• Completely describe each step.
• Note deviations (Very Important!)

106
Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents

• Search for Hazards
• Produced by Work
• Produced by Environment
• Repeat job observation as many times as necessary
  to identify all hazards

107
Develop Solutions

• Find a new way to do job
• Change physical conditions that create hazards
• Change the work procedure
• Reduce frequency

108
New way to do job

• Determine the work goal of the job, and then
  analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to
  see which way is safest.
• Consider work saving tools and equipment.

109
Change in physical conditions

• Tools, materials, equipment layout or location
• Study change carefully for other benefits (costs,
  time savings)

110
Change in work procedures

• What should the worker do to eliminate the
  hazard
• How should it be done?
• Document changes in detail

111
Reduce frequency

• What can be done to reduce the frequency of the
  job??
• Identify parts that cause frequent repairs -
  change
• Reduce vibration save machine parts

112
What effects??

• A job that has been redesigned may affect other
  jobs or work processes.
• Check or re-observe the new process once it has
  been redesigned

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Job Safety Analysis