Negative Health Effects of Secondhand Smoking: Heart Disease

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Negative Health Effects of Secondhand
SmokingHeart Disease

• Eric L. Johnson, M.D.
• Assistant Professor
• Department of Family and Community Medicine
• University of North Dakota
• School of Medicine and Health Sciences
• Assistant Medical Director
• Altru Diabetes Center

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Smoking Causes Death

• Smoking causes approximately
• 90 of all lung cancer deaths in men
• 80 of all lung cancer deaths in women
• 90 of deaths from chronic obstructive lung
  disease (COPD)
• 
  
  
  CDC

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Smoking Causes Death

• Compared with nonsmokers smoking increases risk
  of
• Coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times
• Stroke by 2 to 4 times
• Men developing lung cancer by 23 times
• Women developing lung cancer by 13 times
• Dying from chronic obstructive lung diseases
  (COPD) by 12 to 13 times

CDC
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Tobacco Use in North Dakota

• 116,000 ND adults and 8,000 HS students smoke
  cigarettes
• 20,000 ND adults and 3,800 HS students use
  spit tobacco
• -HS students
• 26 in 2003, 27 in 2005, 22 in 2007
• 10 in 2003, 12.7 in 2005, 10.2 in 2007

(BRFSS 2008) (YRBS 2005,2007)
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• However, today our focus on not on negative
  health effects on the smoker..

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Secondhand Smoke(Passive Smoking)

• Negative effects of smoke on people who arent
  doing the smoking
• No longer speculation that this is dangerous for
  those exposed to secondhand smoke

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Secondhand Smoke Deaths

• United States
• Lung cancer 3,000 deaths annually
• Heart Disease 35,000 deaths annually
• North Dakota
• 80-140 deaths annually

CDC American Cancer Society
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Second Hand Smoke and Cardiovascular Risk (Heart
Attack)

• Cardiovascular Risk (Heart Attack) is 80-90
  of primary smoking
• Secondhand smoke increases risk of heart attack
  by 30
• Well understood phenomenon- no
  longer speculative concerning harmful effects

Barnoya A, Glantz S Circulation May 24 2005 The
Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to
Tobacco Smoke Report of the Surgeon General 2006
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Smoking Ban

• Smoking Ban is not an adequate description
• More descriptive.
• Comprehensive Smoke Free legislation
• Smoke Free Policy

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Smoke Free Legislation

• Typically, legislation that eliminates smoking in
  public places
• The smoker is NOT the medical focus of this type
  of legislation
• (not protecting the smoker from themselves)
• Focus in on reducing injury
  inflicted on others

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Smoke Free Legislation and Heart Attack
Location Population Change in Heart Attack Hospital Admissions
 Helena 68,140 -40
 Pueblo 698,229 (2counties) -41
 New York 18,976,457 -8
 Indiana 239,332 -50
 Ohio 29,636 -20
 Saskatoon 202,340 -13
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Communities Similar to Grand Forks

• Pueblo, CO
• Population 103,648
• College Town
• Decrease in Heart Attacks following smoking ban
  27

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Communities Similar to Grand Forks

• Bowling Green, OH
• Population 29,636
• College Town
• Reduction in Heart Attacks following smoking
  ban 19

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Communities Similar to Grand Forks

• Helena, MT
• Population 47,154
• College Town
• Reduction in Heart Attack with smoking
  free legislation 40
• Increase in Heart Attacks following smoke free
  legislation repeal 40

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Smoke Free Legislation and Heart
Attack

• 11 legitimate studies
• Europe, U.S., Canada
• Approx 17 reduction in Heart Attack across all
  studies
• Approx 195,000 Heart Attacks would be avoided in
  U.S. annually
• In an age of health care cost containment, cant
  disregard