PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE

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PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE
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How Should We Define Adolescence?

• Biological Perspective
• Puberty
• Storm and stress
• Freud genital stage
• Social Perspective
• Social and cultural influences
• Balanced Point of View
• Both biological and social influences

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Theories of Adolescence

• Anna Freuds Psychological Theory
• Restoration of delicate balance between the ego
  and the id
• Renewed Oedipal conflict

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Theories of Adolescence

• Erik Eriksons Psychosocial Theory
• Generativity vs. Stagnation

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Theories of Adolescence

• John Hills Biopsychosocial Theory
• Biological factors
• Psychological factors
• Social factors

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Physical Development

• Your Reproductive System
• When does Puberty Start?
• Not one major event, but set of events
• Hormonal balance
• Menarche

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Physical Development

• When Does Puberty Start?
• Menarche begins on average at 12.5 years of age
• Attitudes Toward Menarche

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Individual Differences in Timing of Puberty

• Heredity
• Nutrition, exercise
• Body fat, leptin in girls
• Geographical location
• SES
• Ethnic group
• Family experiences
• Secular trend

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Physical Development

• Body Image and Eating Disorders
• Gender, puberty and weight all impact body image
• Anorexia
• Bulimia

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Physical Development

• The Role of Stress
• 30 of college students feel overwhelmed by all
  they have to do
• More teenagers and college students are working
  during the school year

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Adolescent Moodiness

• More negative life events
• Stronger responses
• Moods swings
• Related to daily events

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Cognitive Development

• Variables in Cognitive Development Piaget
• Formal operational stage (11 years) groups of
  concrete operations are combined to become formal
  operations
• Concrete to abstract thinking

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Cognitive Development

• Emotions and Brain Development
• Reticular activating system (RAS) protects the
  brain from being overwhelmed by extraneous data
• Only allows in new or important data

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Cognitive Development

• Adolescent Egocentrism
• Imaginary audience
• Personal fable

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Cognitive Development

• Critical Thinking
• Convergent thinking one answer
• Ex 12 x 13 156
• Divergent thinking more than one answer
• Ex What would happen if?

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Cognitive Development

• Creative Thinking
• Giftedness
• I.Q.

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Cognitive Development

• Mental Health Issues
• Having distressing, turbulent, unpredictable
  thoughts may be normal in a adolescent
• Family environment may perpetuate adolescent
  depression and antisocial behavior

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Cognitive Development

• Mental Health Issues
• Most common mental health problems among
  adolescents
• Anxiety disorders
• Depression
• ADHD