The Special Senses

1
The Special Senses
2

• Acrohyperhidrosis means a(n)
• Condition of excessive water of the extremities
• Excessive sweating of the extremities
• Inflammation of the skin of the extremities
• Enlargement of the sweat glands of the extremities

3

• The adenohypophysis
• Acts like the nervous system
• Secretes growth hormone
• Secretes ADH
• Is found in the abdomen

4

• Which word refers to the posterior lobe of the
  pituitary gland?
• Pancreas
• Neurohypophysis
• Adenohypophysis
• Dorsopituitary

5

• Hypercalcemia refers to
• A deficiency of calcium in the blood
• Too much calcium in the blood
• Too much calcium in the cells
• Too much calcium in the bones

6

• Which is NOT secreted by the pancreas?
• Insulin
• Somatotstatin
• Glucagon
• Thyroxine

7

• Aldosterone and Cortisone are secreted by the
• Pancreas
• Adrenal glands
• Pituitary
• Pineal gland

8

• Glycorrhea is most commonly associated which
  disease?
• Giantism
• Acromegaly
• Diabetes
• Addisons disease

9

• Dysphasia literally means
• Painful swallowing
• Inability to eat
• Difficult or painful speech
• Paralysis of the vocal cords

10

• Poliomyelitis affects the
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Poles
• Glial cells

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• Cells that are considered the glue of the
  nervous system
• Axons
• Neurons
• Glia
• Gluocytes

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• The special senses of the eyes and ears are
  SENSORY input devices. The eyes and ears detect
  sensory information from the environment. They
  are responsible for sending this input to the
  brain for interpretation.
• The special senses DO NOT interpret the stimuli.

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Some definitions

• Stimulus
• - change in the environment
• Receptor
• - device to detect a stimulus
• Response
• - the interpretation of the stimulus causing
  some action from the body

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The Eye

• Blephar/o eyelid
• Choroid/o choroid
• Corne/o
• Kerat/o cornea
• Dacry/o tear, lacrimal sac
• Dipl/o double
• Irid/o iris

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• Ocul/o
• Ophthalm/o eye
• Retin/o retina
• Scler/o hardening, sclera

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New Suffixes

• -spasm twitching
• blepharospasm
• -opia vision
• diplopia
• -plegia paralysis
• iridopelgia

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• An OPHTHALMOSCOPE is a device to
• examine the interior of the eye
• High Blood Pressure (HTN) may cause
  OPHTHALMODYNIA of
• pain in the eye

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• A swelling of the eyelid is called
• BLEPHAREDEMA
• Plastic surgery of the eye to remove wrinkles is
  called an eye tuck or
• BLEPHAROPLASTY

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• The white part of the eye is called the SCLERA.
  The sclera is the protective shield for the inner
  layers of the eye.
• Blood supply for the entire eye is provided by
  the CHOROID.
• The back of the eye contains RODS and CONES which
  are responsible for detecting changes in light
  stimuli. These structures are found on the
  RETINA.

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• The CORNEA is a transparent shield of tissue that
  covers the opening of the eye. Light can pass
  directly through the cornea.
• The colored muscular layer that surrounds the
  black circle (PUPIL) is called the IRIS.

21

• The eye is a globe-shaped structure with three
  layers the sclera, the choroid, and the retina.
• Dirty contact lenses can cause a severe infection
  called KERATITIS.
• Rupture of the cornea is known as KERATORRHEXIS.
  The cornea is incised with an instrument known as
  a KERATOMTOME.

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• A laser KERATOTOMY is a procedure that can
  eliminate the need for eyeglasses.
• MYOPIA (nearsightedness) is a condition where the
  stimulus image falls in front of the retina.
• The opposite of myopia is farsightedness or
  HYPEROPIA where the image falls behind the
  retina.
• Both myopia and hyperopia can be corrected with
  glasses.

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• The eyelids protect the eyes, shade eyes during
  sleep, and spread lubricating fluid.
• This lubricating fluid come from three areas
  LACRIMAL GLANDS located above the outer corner of
  each eye, LACRIMAL DUCTS which drain gland
  secretions into the lacrimal sacs.
• The term DACYR/O is used to denote tears.

24

• The word DACRYADENALGIA means
• pain in a tear gland

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The Ear

• The ear has three divisions
• outer ear (external ear)
• middle ear
• inner ear
• The outer ear takes sound waves and directs them
  into the ear canal.
• The middle ear takes those sound waves and
  converts them to electrical energy.
• The inner ear takes that electrical energy and
  transmits it to the brain. It also is
  responsible for balance.

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• Acous/o
• audi/o hearing
• myring./o
• tympan/o tympanic membrane (eardrum)
• Ot/o ear
• Salping/o eustachian tube

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• The external ear contains the AURICLE. This
  structure is the earlobe (PINNA) that directs
  sound into the auditory canal. At the end of the
  auditory canal, you find a thin membranous sheet
  called the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE (eardrum).

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• Vibrations of the eardrum caused a mechanical
  vibration of the three middle ear bones. The
  MALLEUS (hammer), INCUS, and STAPES. Each of
  these bones are connected. The malleus is
  connected to the tympanic membrane.
• Once the vibration is detected at the last bone
  (STAPES), the stapes causes a vibration at the
  opening of the inner ear, OVAL WINDOW.
• The middle ear is connected to the throat by the
  EUSTACIAN TUBE.

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• The inner ear includes the COCHLEA and
  SEMICIRCULAR CANALS.
• The cochlea is filled with fluid and small hair
  cells that detect minute vibrations. These
  vibrations are interpreted by the brain via the
  AUDITORY NERVE.
• The SEMICIRCULAR CANALS are also filled with
  fluid. Sudden movements of the head cause this
  fluid to move. This eventually causes dizziness
  (vertigo).