Chapter 33 The Eastern Mediterranean

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Chapter 33 - The Eastern Mediterranean
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Chapter 33 - The Eastern Mediterranean

• I. TURKEY

Flag in use since 1844 and officially adopted
on 5 June 1936
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A. Physical geography

• Western part lies on the Balkan Peninsula in
  Europe

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• A. Physical geography

A larger part is on the Asian peninsula of
Anatolia

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A. Physical geography

• Two straits divide Turkey - the Bosporus and the
  Dardanelles

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A. Physical geography

• European Turkey is mainly rolling plains and
  hills

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A. Physical geography

• Turkey has rugged coastlines and broad plateaus

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A. Physical geography

• Turkey has two mountain ranges - the Pontic in
  the north and the Taurus in the south

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A. Physical geography

• Turkey has three climate types

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A. Physical geography

• Mediterranean coasts and the west
• Steppe climate in the interior
• Cold and wet highland climate

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B. Economic geography

• Less than half of Turkey is suitable for farming

Kemal Atatürk drives a tractor to encourage
mechanized agriculture in the 1930s
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B. Economic geography

• A variety of products are grown near the Sea
• of Marmara and the Aegean coast

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B. Economic geography

• Grains and livestock raised in the high interior
  plateaus

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B. Economic geography

• The eastern mountains are the least developed
  part of Turkey

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B. Economic geography
The government is building dams and improving
infrastructure for progress

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C. Urban geography
Istanbul is the largest city and a leading
seaport

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• C. Urban geography

Ankara is the capital and 2nd largest city
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C. Urban geography

• Industry, education, and improved health care
  are helping Turkey become a modern nation

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D. Modern Turkey

• Revolution reorganized Turkish society in the
  1920s

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D. Modern Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk led his nation to full
independence
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D. Modern Turkey

• Atatürk introduced political, social, legal,
• economic, and cultural reforms

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• D. Modern Turkey
• Two main issues Conflict with the Greeks over
  Cyprus and cooperation with the countries of
  Central Asia

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E. Cyprus

• Cyprus is a rocky, mountainous island in the
  eastern Mediterranean

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E. Cyprus

• About 3/4s of the people are ethnic Greeks

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E. Cyprus

• Less than 1/4 of the people are ethnic Turks

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E. Cyprus

• Cyprus gained independence from Great
• Britain in 1960

Declaration of Independence of Cyprus
16th August 1960
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E. Cyprus
Violence between Greeks and Turks broke out in
December 1963
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E. Cyprus

• In 1983, the Turkish area declared itself the
  "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

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E. Cyprus

• The Greek Cypriot-controlled "Republic of Cyprus
  is internationally recognized

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E. Cyprus

• Cyprus joined the European Union in May 2004

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E. Cyprus

• In 2005, the Greeks and Turks agreed to resume
  peace talks and end the 30-year division

"We should make sure that this time there is no
failure. We cannot afford another failure," said
Greek Foreign Minister Petros Molyviatis (left),
with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in New York