PRCJapan Relations

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PRC-Japan Relations

• Historical Legacies and Current Issues

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Historical Legacies I

• Cultural influence in ancient times
• written characters
• architecture
• calendar
• ...

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Historical Legacies II

• Similar experience of Western invasion in 19th
  century

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Historical Legacies III

• Rise of Japan in late 19th century
• Japans territorial gains from China
• 1895 Taiwan
• 1931 northeast China
• 1937 north east China
• 1944 central China

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Rape of Nanking (1937)

• Tillman Durdin of the New York Times
• to get to the gate I had to just climb over
  masses of bodies accumulated there one of the
  great atrocities of modern times.
• Christian missionary, John Magee
• every prisoner they could find but also a
  vast number of ordinary citizens of all ages
  were shot down

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Peace Treaty with Japan

• 1951, Peace Treaty with Japan was signed in San
  Francisco
• neither PRC nor ROC was invited
• 1952, Republic of China (Taiwan) signed Peace
  Treaty with Japan
• state of war between the Republic of China and
  Japan is terminated

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Contacts before 1972

• Sporadic, unofficial contacts between PRC and
  Japan before 1972

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Diplomatic Relation (1972)

• Turning point Nixon visited Beijing and Shanghai
  in February 1972
• Japans Prime Minister visited Beijing and signed
  Joint Communiqué in September
• Diplomatic relations were established between
  Japan and P.R. China

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Joint Communiqué (1972)

• Japan fully understands and respects that
  Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory
  of the People's Republic of China
• neither Party will seek regional hegemony
• both shall oppose any attempt by any other
  country or group of countries to establish
  regional hegemony

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Peace Treaty (1978)

• Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the
  People's Republic of China and Japan
• Deng Xiaoping visited Japan

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War Reparations

• 1951 Peace Treaty at San Francisco
• John Foster Dulles sought to eliminate war
  reparations
• feared that heavy reparations burdens would
  similarly cripple Japan as did Germany in 1919
• make it vulnerable to Communist domination
• 1972, PRC government waived the claim of war
  reparations against Japan

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Japanese Loans to PRC

• Official Development Assistance (ODA)
• Japanese government loan
• energy loans
• Japanese free aid
• trade surplus loans

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After Cold War

• Relative rise of U.S. and China
• Relative decline of Russia and Japan

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Current Status

• Washington-Tokyo-Beijing triangle
• PRC Japan regard relationship with each other
  as 2nd in importance to that with US
• Japan plays significant role in integrating PRC
  into world economy
• Japan has a vital interest in PRCs development
  and stability

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PRCs Trade Partners 2008

• Japan is Mainland Chinas third largest trade
  partner and largest import source
• Total trade volume US267 billion
• 10 of Mainland Chinas total trade
• Total imports from Japan US151 billion
• 13 of Mainland Chinas total imports

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Japans Trade Partners

• Mainland China is Japans largest source of
  imports and the 2nd largest trade partner in 2004
• PRC (including both Mainland China and Hong Kong)
  became Japans largest trade partner in 2004
• surpassing the US for the first time

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Japans Direct Investment

• 3rd largest investment source
• 31,855 projects
• US66.6 billion
• 1 million employees

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Current Issues

• Yasukuni Shrine
• worship of Class-A war criminals of WWII
• visits by Prime Ministers and high officials
• Japan recognized its aggression against China for
  the first time in 1998
• Japanese history textbooks
• minimize Japans aggression in Asia

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Other Issues

• destruction of Japanese chemical weapons in China
• a memorandum was signed in 1999
• Rape of Nanking
• Japanese nationalist extremists claim that the
  rape of Nanking was a fabrication

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Territorial Dispute

• Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands in East China Sea

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Lack of Understanding

• China
• does Japan ignore or deny wartime atrocities?
• may extremists revert Japan to militarism?
• Japan
• is China a military threat?
• mutually reinforcing misunderstandings
• both need public relations efforts abroad