The United States as a World Power

1
The United States as a World Power
2

• STUDY FOR TEST!
• 10 minutes
• (I am very happy with the report left by the
  substitute!)

3
Starter Monday, April 14Copy this chart and
complete. Use pages 549-550 for help!
Factors that fueled Imperialism
4
Starter Tuesday, October 31Now Then Puerto
Rico (page 559)

• What are the privileges rights of members of an
  American commonwealth?
• Why do some Puerto Ricans oppose Puerto Rico
  becoming a state?
• Do you think if Puerto Rico became a state,
  Puerto Ricans should have to speak English and
  give up their Latino heritage?

5
Starter Wednesday, November 1

• What was the de Lome letter? (553-554)
• The U.S. maintained a large well equipped navy
  during the Spanish American War. Describe its
  army? (556)
• Read Pres. McKinleys statement regarding why the
  U.S. should annex the Philippines on page 556
  (Debate over the Treaty)? What was the fallacy
  in his statement?
• What did Booker T. Washington think about
  imperialism? (557)

6
Starter Tuesday, April 15

• Read Geography Spotlight The Panama Canal
  Funnel for Trade on pages 572-573. Answer the
  questions below
• How many miles were saved by a ship sailing from
  New York to San Francisco after the Panama Canal
  was built?
• What is an isthmus, according to the reading?
• How did the Panama Canal enhance world trade and
  Americas role in it?

7

• How many miles were save by a ship sailing from
  New York to San Francisco after the Panama Canal
  was built?
• before 13,000 miles
• after 5,200 miles
• miles saved 7,800 miles
• 2. What is an isthmus, according to the
  reading?
• a narrow strip of land (connected North South
  America)
• How did the Panama Canal enhance world trade and
  Americas role in it?
• Answers vary America was able to trade more
  efficently increasing its power as an economic
  world leader Global products were sold more
  easily and America was able to participate in
  this exchange of international goods

8
The Scramble for Africa 1885-1900
9
(No Transcript)
10
History of the 20th Century 1900-1909

• What was the burning issue of the early 1900s?
• What happened to President McKinley at the world
  fair?
• Why did the bosses want Roosevelt to be Vice
  President?
• What was Roosevelts big stick?
• Describe the west in 1900.
• Why was the Sears Roebuck catalog so important?
• Name four ways people entertained themselves
  during the early 1900s.
• Where did the teddy bear get its name?
• How did Thomas Edison revolutionize the way
  Americans were entertained?
• Why was the Panama Canal significant?
• Explain what life was like for children in the
  early 20th century?

11
Read Chapter 18, Sect. 2-4 and answer the
questions (write the questions)
Homework Due Monday, April 14

• Why was the opinion of Cuban independence
  divided?
• What happened to the USS Maine? What was
  reported in the news?
• Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris
  of 1898.
• Why was the U.S. interested in events in Puerto
  Rico?

12

• What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and how
  was it crushed?
• What three key beliefs about Americas industrial
  capitalist economy were reflected in the Open
  Door Policy?
• What conflict triggered the war between Japan
  Russia?
• Why is the construction of the Panama Canal
  considered one of the worlds greatest
  engineering feats?
• Explain the key difference between Woodrow
  Wilsons moral diplomacy and Teddy Roosevelts
  big stick diplomacy?

13
America Expands Internationally

• Imperialism became a trend in the late 1800s
• Imperialism was the policy in which stronger
  nations extended their economic, political, or
  military control over weaker territories
• Americans believed it was the White Mans
  Burden to extend civilization to the world
• Americans drew from Social Darwinism with the
  belief that Anglo-Saxons were the superior race
• These philosophies were used to justify
  imperialism

14
Global Competition

• The American imperialism was fueled by three
  factors
• 1. desire for military strength
• 2. thirst for new markets
• 3. belief in cultural superiority
• U.S. Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan urged the
  government to build up the navy
• The Great White Fleet

15
Alaska

• Alaska was acquired from Russia in 1867 for 7.2
  million
• The purchase was made by Secretary of State
  William Seward, who saw the rich natural
  resources of the region
• Many criticized Seward, calling the purchase
  Sewards Folly or Sewards Icebox

16
Hawaii

• Americans had owned sugar plantations in Hawaii
  since the 1850s and had made great profits
• They pressured the monarchy of Hawaii to allow
  the U.S. to build a naval base (Pearl Harbor)
  there.
• Eventually, wealthy business owners overthrew
  Queen Liliuokalani and Hawaii was a territory of
  the US in 1898 (it became the 50th state in 1959)

17
Queen Liliuokalani
18
Cuban Independence

• Americans had long been interested in Cuba, and
  once offered to buy it from Spain
• In the late 1800s, Cuba was still under Spanish
  rule but many Cubans desired independence
• When Cubans rebelled against Spain in 1895 and
  Spanish troops were sent in to restore order
• Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to squash the
  rebellion
• Cubans were put in concentration camps
  brutalized. and American journalists exposed the
  horrible conditions

19
Spanish General Valeriano Weyler
20
American Journalist Become Involved

• American journalists exposed the horrible
  conditions in Cuba
• The journalists often exaggerated and told untrue
  stories
• They were branded yellow journalists and wanted
  to ignite the emotions of the U.S. people against
  Spain

21
Yellow Journalists

• William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer
22
USS Maine

• A U. S. battleship, USS Maine, was sent to the
  Havana harbor to protect American property
  bring home American citizens

23
USS Maine Exploded!

• On February 15, 1898 the USS Maine exploded,
  killing 260 men
• Although it was (discovered later) an internal
  explosion, the yellow journalists said the
  Spanish had blown up the battleship
• Americans became enraged and Congress declared
  war on Spain in April of 1898

24
Remember the Maine!
25
The Spanish-American War

• Rather than heading to Cuba, the American naval
  fleet headed to Spanish colony of the Philippines
• Within two hours, Commodore George Dewey his
  men had destroyed every Spanish ship
• The Philippines supported American because they
  too, wanted independence from Spain
• For the next two months, Filipino forces fought
  with the Americans and the Spanish troops
  surrendered in August of 1898

26
Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino rebel leader
Commodore George Dewey
27
War in the Caribbean

• During the summer of 1898, fighting took place in
  Cuba
• The most famous battle took place on San Juan
  Hill by the Rough Riders, a volunteer regiment
  led by Theodore Roosevelt

28
Rough Riders
29
The War Ends

• After 15 weeks of fighting, the U.S. Spain
  signed an armistice (cease fire) in August of
  1898.
• The Secretary of War, John Hay, called it a
  splendid little war
• In December, the U.S. Spain signed the Treaty
  of Paris of 1898
• Cuba was freed, Guam Puerto Rico were given to
  America the Philippines were sold to the U.S.
  for 20 million

30
Rule in Puerto Rico

• There was a debate regarding whether Puerto Rico
  should be independent or annexed to the U.S. as a
  state
• In 1900, the Foraker Act gave the U.S. the power
  to appoint a governor members of their upper
  house (Puerto Ricans could elect members of their
  lower house)
• In 1917, Puerto Ricans became U.S. citizens
• Today, Puerto Rico is considered a commonwealth

31
Rule in Cuba

• Attached to the Treaty of Paris was the Teller
  Amendment, which gave Cuba independence, but
  installed the U.S. military government there for
  3 years (to protect American businesses restore
  stability)
• In 1900, the Platt Amendment was added, which
  limited the Cuban government, gave the U.S. two
  naval bases in Cuba, and allowed for U.S.
  intervention whenever necessary.

32
The Panama Canal

• Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus
  of Panama to allow U.S. ships to move more
  quickly between the Atlantic Pacific Oceans
• The Columbian government, which controlled the
  territory, refused to sell the land for the
  project
• The Panamanian (with U.S. support) people
  revolted against the Columbians in 1903, and
  gained their independence.

33
The Panama Canal

• The Panamanians leased the land needed for the
  canal
• Construction took place from 1905-1914
• Major malaria outbreaks
• Moved 175 million yards of earth

34
Chapter 18 Classwork/Homework Questions
35
1. Why was the opinion of Cuban independence
divided?

• U.S. businessmen sided with Spain because they
  wanted to protect their investments
• The American people sympathized with the Cuban
  demand for independence

36
2. What happened to the USS Maine? What was
reported in the news?

• It exploded
• It was reported that the Spanish had blown the
  ship up!

37
3. Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of
Paris of 1898.

• Cuba became independent
• Spain gave up Puerto Rico Guam to the U.S.
• US paid 20 million for the Philippines

38
4. Why was the U.S. interested in events in
Puerto Rico?

• Puerto Rico was strategically important to the
  U.S. as a way to assert its presence in the
  Caribbean and as a base for protecting a possible
  canal through the Isthmus of Panama

39
5. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and
how was it crushed?

• The Boxers stages a revolt to expel foreigners
  from China
• In August 1900, troops from Britain, France,
  Germany, Japan, and the U.S. marched on the
  Chinese capital to end the Boxer Rebellion

40
6. What three key beliefs about Americas
industrial capitalist economy were reflected in
the Open Door Policy?

• U.S. economy depended on exports to ensure growth
• U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep
  foreign markets open
• Closing an area to American products threatened
  U.S. survival

41
7. What conflict triggered the war between Japan
Russia?

• A dispute over control of Korea

42
8. Why is the construction of the Panama Canal
considered one of the worlds greatest
engineering feats?

• To construct the canal, workers fought diseases
  (yellow fever malaria).
• Had to remove soft volcanic soil that was hard to
  remove

43
9. Explain the key difference between Woodrow
Wilsons moral diplomacy and Teddy Roosevelts
big stick diplomacy?

• Roosevelts big stick diplomacy demanded that
  European nations stay out of the affairs in Latin
  American nations
• Wilsons missionary diplomacy demanded that
  countries in Latin America establish democracies

44
Influence in the Western Hemisphere

• The Roosevelt Corollary (the U.S. would use force
  to protect its economic interests in Latin
  America) led to increased U.S. involvement Latin
  America.
• This also became known as Roosevelts Big Stick
  diplomacy (from the West African proverb, Speak
  softly carry a big stick you will go far)
• It meant that the U.S. did not intend to be a
  threatening presence, but it would not hesitate
  to forcefully protect its own interests

45
China the U.S.

• The U.S. wanted to make sure that China remained
  open to trade
• The Open Door Policy was established to keep
  China open for trade commerce.
• Some Chinese nationalists, the Boxers, rebelled
  against this American influence this was called
  the Boxer Rebellion
• An international force was sent to stop this
  rebellion

46
TEST REVIEW

• Factors that fueled imperialism define
  imperialism
• Causes effects goals of the Spanish American
  War (yellow journalism, USS Maine, Desire for
  Cuban independence, Treaty of Paris terms
  amendments)
• Roosevelts diplomacy (Roosevelt Corollary Big
  Stick diplomacy)
• Importance of Panama Canal
• San Juan Hill Rough Riders Battles of the
  Spanish American War
• Purpose of the Open Door Policy effects (Boxer
  Rebellion)
• People Alfred Mahan, Hearst Pulitzer,
  Roosevelt, Wilson, George Dewey

47
History of the 20th Century1910-1919
48

• In 1914, what happened to Austria-Hungarys
  Archduke Franz Ferdinand his wife while
  visiting Serbia?
• Name 2 allies of Austria-Hungary.
• Name 1 ally of France.
• What was Woodrow Wilsons position about the U.S.
  entering the Great War in Europe (WWI) at the
  beginning of the war?
• What happened to the cruise liner The Lusitania?
• Who won the Presidential election of 1916?

49

• What was WWI like for American troops?
• What sport was Americas past time during the
  decade?
• Describe Woodrow Wilson.
• Who was John Pershing?
• Who was Charlie Chaplin?
• Why was The Birth of a Nation such a hit? Why
  was it controversial?
• What were some of the new technologies used in
  WWI?

50

• 14. What was the name of Wilsons peace plan
  after WWI?
• 15. What type of epidemic spread around the
  world in 1919?