Crisis in Darfur

1
Crisis in Darfur

• An Introduction.

2
Where??
9 neighbors including Chad and Libya
Capital is Khartoum
Scattered mountain ranges
Population 41 mil.
Nile river
3
Who??

• 80 are involved in Agriculture
• Only 7 of land is arable
• 70 Sunni Muslim (mostly northern region)
• 25 Indigenous beliefs (mostly Southern
  region)
  
• 5 Christian
• 43 14 or younger

4
Basic History

• 1882- British Imperialistic rule
• Much turmoil
• 1950s- Sudan gains independence
• Unstable democracy
• Repeated military coups
• Only 11 years of elected govt. ( most were
  Islamic- led parties)

5
Civil War (1955- present)
South
North
VS.
Christian/ Animist
Arab- Muslim
Alienated in econ., Religion, and Culture
Govt. taxes spent on Khartoum And North
SPLA formed- Sudans Peoples Liberation Army
National Islam front Dominates govt.
2 leaders Hassan Al- Turabi Omar Al-Bashir
6
Janjaweed Militia
VS
Sudanese Liberation Army
7
Darfur

• 3 provinces in Western Sudan
• Entirely Muslim population
• 40 non- Arab
• African population Sedentary Farmers
• Arab population nomadic farmers

8
Darfur Local tensions

• Geography Environment Little arable land and
  spreading desert leads to fighting between
  Nomadic and Sedentary farmers
  
• Political Economic all taxes collected are
  spent on northern Arab regions not African
  regions

9
Outside Influences
Libya Libyan troops stationed in Darfur as Libya
tries to overthrow Sudan Govt.
Chad Chadian rebels use Darfur as staging grou
nd for overthrowing Chad govt.
Darfur is in constant violence!!
10
Back to Khartoum
Bashir

• Turabi vs. Al Bashir
• Al-Bashir Wins
• Turabi looks for alternative power base outside
  of Khartoum
  

Al- Turabi
11
New Divide (Darfur crisis begins)
Rebels (Turabi)
Khartoum govt (Al-Bashir)-
VS
Sudan Govt. Army Northern Militias (janjiwid)
Sudan Liberation Army Justice and Equality
movement
Both groups largely Muslim no longer Muslim vs.
Infidels Arab vs. African
12
Civilians Attacked

• Sudanese govt. wants to deny rebels any support
  from Darfur villages
  
• Airforce, army, and Arab militias (janjawid) bomb
  and destroy villages
  
• Men, Women, Children Killed
• Girl women raped
• Population driven from villages

13
Survivors??

• Flee to neighboring villages and await another
  attack
  
• End up in refugee camps
• Can not return to villages
• Up to half of women have been raped
• Most have lost family members
• 3000 to 10000 die every month
• Janjawid raid camps and steal food aid

14
Genocide or Civil war?

• Attacks are from Arab only Sudanese government
  military or Arab militias (Janjiwid)
  
• 3 tribes are primarily targeted (though other
  African groups are also assaulted) Masalit,
  Fur, Zaghawa

15
Pictures of Darfur
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Refugees
17
Camp life in Chad
18
resources

• Sudan and the Darfur Genocide notes for teachers
  by Daniel Schafer (Belmont University)
  
• Google earth- crisis in Darfur
• Corbis photography