James Johnson

1
Understanding andRecognizing Terrorism

• James Johnson
• September 15, 2004
• University of Phoenix On-Line
• EDTC 560 Applications of Multimedia and Web Page
  Design
  
• Instructor Eli Collins-Brown

2
The Threat of Terrorism
Crash sight of Flight 93
World Trade Center During the September 11th
attacks
The West-facing wall of the Pentagon
3
Definitions of Terrorism

• Definitions
• State Statutes
• Code of Federal Regulations
• (28 C.F.R. Section 0.85)
• FBI

4
Domestic Terrorism

• Group or individual based and operating entirely
  within the United States or its territories
  without foreign direction.

Alfred P. Murrah Building, 1995
Timothy McVeigh
5
International Terrorism

• Occurs outside the United States or transcends
  national boundaries in terms of the means by
  which they are accomplished.
  
• Can include affecting the conduct of a
  government by assassination or kidnapping.

World Trade Center 9/11/2001
Usama bin Laden
6
Categories of Terrorist Related Activity
Responder in Level A Using M256 Chemical Agent D
etector
Dynamite/Pipe Bomb Improvised Explosive Device
7
Formal Terrorist Organizations

• Autonomous, transnational groups that have their
  own personnel, infrastructures, financial
  arrangements, and training facilities.
  
• Active Groups
• Palestinian Hamas
• Irish Republican Army
• Egyptian El-Gama Al-Islamiyya (IG)
• Lebanese Hizballah

Hizballah
8
State Sponsored Terrorism

• Terrorism is viewed as a tool of foreign policy.
• U.S. Department of State's List of State Sponsors
  of Terrorism
  
• Primary Sponsors
• Iran Pose greatest threat to the U.S.
• Iraq
• Sudan
• Libya
• Other Countries
• Syria
• North Korea
• Cuba

Libyas Muammar Qaddafi,
Iraqs Saddam Hussein
9
Cyber -Terrorism

• Definition
• The use of cyber tools to shut down critical
  national infrastructures for the purpose of
  coercing or intimidating a government or civilian
  population.
• Theft of highly classified information from
  government agencies.
  
• Interruption of electrical power.
• Intrusions sponsored by foreign powers.
• Defacing or hacking of web sites.

10
Terrorist Acts in the U.S.

• From 1980-2001, the FBI recorded 349 incidents.
• 257 Domestic
• 92 International

WTC 9/11 Impromptu Memorial
U.S. Embassy in Kenya, 1998
11
Example of a Recent Terrorist Attack in the U.S.

• July 6, 2002 A 41-year old Egyptian National
  killed two Israeli nationals and wounded four
  others at the El Al ticket counter in Los
  Angeles, California.

12
Examples of Recent Incidents That Were Not Acts
of Terrorism

• January 7, 2002 A 15-year old boy crashed a
  Cessna into a Tampa Office building
  
• October 2-14, 2002 The Beltway Snipers are
  credited with eleven separate shootings before
  their capture, terrorizing Washington D.C. and
  the surrounding area.

Why were these acts not considered terrorism?
13
Potential Targets

• Terrorists target critical facilities.
• Some critical facilities are centralized points
  with large numbers of people.
  
• These centers of gravity can also be where
  community functions are gathered at a single
  location, which could include
  
• Transportation hubs
• Sporting and Special Events
• Government Buildings
• Utility Centers

14
Activity Targets of Terrorism in Your Community

• For this activity, participants need to form
  groups of three to five people from different
  disciplines. As a group, the participants should
  take 10-15 minutes to discuss and complete all of
  the following items.

• List 5 potential targets of terrorism.
• Briefly explain why these places are potential
  targets for terrorists.
  
• Describe how terrorists might attack each of the
  five potential targets in your community.
  

15
Summary

• Discussed the definitions, history, and threat of
  terrorism.
  
• Compared and contrasted domestic and
  international terrorism.
  
• Analyzed the community for potential targets of
  terrorism.
  

16
Questions?
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