Skopje, 21 June, 2005

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STATE UNION OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
TOWARDS a NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY
Pavle Jankovic Assistant Minster of Defence for D
efence Policy
Skopje, 21 June, 2005
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KEY POINTS

• The Peculiar Setting of the State Union
• Strategic Documents The National Security
  Strategy
  
• Way Ahead

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1.
The Peculiar Setting of the State Union
Absence of Legal and Structural Prerequisites for
the Adoption of a National Defence Strategy
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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION
The State Union and the Constitutional Charter
Serbia and Montenegro is not a state in the
classical sense, nor a federation or a
confederation. It is a State Union based on the
equality of two member states the state of
Serbia and the state of Montenegro.
The State Union does not have a Constitution, but
a Constitutional Charter as its basic legal
document.
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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION
ABSENCE OF LEGAL PREREQUISITES
The Constitutional Charter of the State Union
In the entire Constitutional Charter of the State
Union the word SECURITY is mentioned only
once As a part of the name of the OSCE Organiz
ation for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION
ABSENCE OF LEGAL PREREQUISITES
The Constitutional Charter of the State Union
Section 1. ASSEMBLY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
Competence Article 19 The Assembly of Serbia an
d Montenegro shall decide on the Constitutional
Charter as the highest legal instrument of Serbia
and Montenegro in the way laid down by the
present Constitutional Charter and shall enact
laws and other instruments governing
- - military issues and defense -
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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION
ABSENCE OF LEGAL PREREQUISITES
The Constitutional Charter of the State Union
Duty of the Army of Serbia and Montenegro
Article 55 The duty of the Army shall be to defen
d Serbia and Montenegro in line with the present
Constitutional Charter and the principles of
international law that regulate the use of
force. The defense strategy shall be adopted by t
he Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro in
accordance with the law.
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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION

• ABSENCE OF LEGAL PREREQUISITES
• Because of the above, the commonly held
  interpretation of the Constitutional Charter is
  that the State Union is in charge of conducting
  defence only,
• through the Supreme Defence Council (as the
  collective Commander in Chief),
  
• With the Army as the executive force,
• Based on the Defence Strategy (and other
  strategic documents)
  
• And, in accordance with international law.

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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION

• ABSENCE OF STRUCTURAL PREREQUISITES
• There is a number of domestic security and
  intelligence organisations operating in Serbia
  and Montenegro
  
• In Serbia
• BIA Security and Information Agency.
• MOI UBPOK Department for Combating Organised
  Crime.
  
• In Montenegro DB State Security.
• On the State Union level
• MOD VOA Military Intelligence Agency
• VBA Military Security Agency
• MFA SID Information and Documentation
  Service
  
• Diplomatic Security
• Counter-Terrorism Department

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THE PECULIAR SETTING OF THE STATE UNION
ABSENCE OF STRUCTURAL PREREQUISITES
The State Union does not have a National Security
Council. (Nor does any of the member states.)
A set mechanism through which the Security
Threats and Challenges can be interpreted, does
not exist. Nor is there any other formal body or
forum where the products of the intelligence
community would be presented, debated and
verified in order to be presented to top
decision-makers.
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2.
Strategic Documents
THE NATIONAL DEFENCE STRATEGY
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STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS
STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING D
EVELOPED

• National Security Strategy

• NATIONAL DEFENCE STRATEGY

• Defence White Paper

• Military Doctrine

• Strategic Defence Review

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
Defence Strategy of Serbia and Montenegro

• Table of Contents
• Security Environment
• Challenges, Risks and Threats to Security
• Security and Defence Interests
• Responses to Security Challenges, Risks and
  Threats
  
• Defence System of Serbia and Montenegro
• Planning and Financing of Defence

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
A quote from the Introduction to the Defence
Strategy of Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro confirms its new approach
to membership in international security
structures, firstly to the NATO Partnership for
Peace Program and the NATO Alliance, based upon
the democratic will of the citizens, and to other
European and Euro-Atlantic integration
processes. (The Defence Strategy was adopted on
18 November 2004 by the Parliament of the State
Union of Serbia and Montenegro)
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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

• Traditional security and defence concepts have
  become obsolete globalising world.
  
• Changes in international relations require new
  defence and security concepts where national,
  regional and global security are interwoven.
  
• Euro-Atlantic integrations and regional
  integration processes are underway.
  
• UN, OSCE, EU and NATO are key elements of
  European security.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

• The new role of NATO and the EU integration
  processes with other international and regional
  organisations significantly contribute to the
  stabilisation of peace and security.
• NATOs PfP Programme is especially important it
  enables political, security and defence
  cooperation of countries that are not yet NATO or
  EU members.
• Focus is on prevention and security enforcement
  within the regional environment.
  
• Security in SE Europe is additionally jeopardised
  by inherited instability and hardships of
  transition.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

• Terrorism, ethnic and religious intolerance,
  organised and transnational crime, all impede the
  creation of best solutions.
  
• Yet, the Security of the State Union of Serbia
  and Montenegro has significantly improved when
  compared to the last decade of the XX century.
  
• The possibility of direct military threat or
  aggression against Serbia and Montenegro has been
  reduced all neighbours aspire to same
  civilisation values and integration objectives.
• Serbia and Montenegro does not consider any state
  as hostile.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
2. Challenges, Risks and Threats to Security
MILITARY CHALLENGES, RISKS AND THREATS

• Aggression least likely, but shouldnt be
  excluded.
  
• Armed conflicts possible in case of general
  European or world crisis, or may happen if
  regional democratic processes are stopped.
  
• Armed rebellions motivated by unconstitutional
  and violent alteration of borders.
  
• SMAF are the executor of response to military
  threats to security. Use of force shall be the
  last resort, used in manner that is selective,
  measured and proportional to the intensity of the
  threat.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
2. Challenges, Risks and Threats to Security
NON-MILITARY CHALLENGES, RISKS AND THREATS

• Terrorism most widespread thereat.
  Trans-national in character and with links to
  organised crime. It is confronted by other
  security system elements as well.
• Organised crime and corruption interrelated.
  Illicit drug and human trafficking, proliferation
  of SALWs and WMDs.
  
• Other threats natural and manmade disasters,
  epidemics and accidents.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
3. Security and Defence Interests
The vital security and defence interests are the
following

• Defence of the member states and of Serbia and
  Montenegro
  
• Accession to Euro-Atlantic integration processes,
  EU and other international organisations and
  institutions
  
• Cooperation with international organisations and
  institutions
  
• Development of confidence, security and stability
  in the region and
  
• Implementation of the UN Security Council
  Resolution 1244 on Kosovo and Metohija.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
4. Responses to Security Challenges, Risks and
Threats
Main Strategies

• Determination to achieve stability and security
  in the Euro-Atlantic region through cooperation
  and joint action with likeminded states
  
• Reinforcement of internal stability and active
  contribution to stability and security in SE
  Europe
  
• Full compliance to Dayton Peace Accords UNSCR
  1244
  
• Determination to deploy SMAF in foreign
  territories only for PK Missions, upon UN
  decision and signed agreements
  
• Determined neither to develop nor use WMDs and to
  actively participate in counter-proliferation
  efforts.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
4. Responses to Security Challenges, Risks and
Threats
Strategic Concept of Defence
Is the basis for the defence planning of Serbia
and Montenegro. Depending on the nature and inten
sity of challenges, risks and threats to
security, the response will be

• In WAR decisive defence of the member states
  and the State Union with their own forces, with
  the assistance of partners, allies and friendly
  states
• In PEACE creation of reliable partnerships and
  cooperation in forming a favourable security
  environment and deterrence by an integrated and
  efficient defence system

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
4. Responses to Security Challenges, Risks and
Threats
Defence Resources

• HUMAN RESOURCES demographic potential of the
  member states eligible for defence service and
  trained and capable of integrating into the
  defence system
• MATERIAL RESOURCES natural, economic,
  financial, information, and other potentials of
  the member states and the State Union for defence
  requirements

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
5. Defence System of Serbia and Montenegro
Aims Tasks of the Defence System

• The AIMS
• defence and protection of vital security and
  defence interests,
  
• active contribution to PK developing
  favourable security environment,
  
• developing partnership relations with
  collective security institutions, neighbouring
  countries and other states.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
5. Defence System of Serbia and Montenegro
Aims Tasks of the Defence System

• The TASKS
• creation of a defence system capable of
  responding to current and future challenges to
  security in peace war,
  
• creation of a stable defence system in
  accordance with available resources and
  capabilities,
  
• achieving interoperability with defence
  systems and cooperation with PfP and NATO member
  states,
  
• efficient defence management reform of the
  defence system.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
5. Defence System of Serbia and Montenegro
Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro

• Missions
• defence of the member states and of Serbia and
  Montenegro against external armed threats,
  
• engagement in building and maintaining peace
  in the region and the world,
  
• support to the member states in case of
  natural disasters and catastrophes.

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DEFENCE STRATEGY OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
6. Defence Planning and Budgeting

• State Union defence planning and budgeting is an
  integral part of the Government process of
  planning and budgeting
  
• In the process of defence planning, Serbia and
  Montenegro applies the integrated system of
  long-term planning, mid-term programming and
  annual budgeting, according to international
  standards

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3.
A WAY AHEAD
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A WAY AHEAD
CONCEPTUAL CHANGES
SOME CURRENT PROPOSALS

• National Security Strategy could be drafted at
  the State Union level requires political
  consensus.
  
• National Security Strategy could be drafted at
  each member state level, then a combined document
  drafted at the State Union level.
  
• National Security Strategy could be drafted at
  each member state level with no document brought
  to State Union level.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION